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Level 2 fitness Instructing (Gym) > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

The heart lies behind the sternum, just left of centre.

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2
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

The heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

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3
Q

Where dose the heart receive oxygenated blood from?

A

Pulmonary vein

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4
Q

Where dose the heart pump deoxygenated blood to?

A

The lungs via the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

How many chambers dose the heart have?

A

Four

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6
Q

Which chambers of the heart receive blood?

A

Left and right atrium

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7
Q

Which chambers of the heart pump blood?

A

Left and right ventricle

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8
Q

What is the name of the largest artery leaving the heart?

A

Aorta

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9
Q

What is the name of the largest vein entering the heart?

A

Vena cava

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10
Q

What is oxygenated blood?

A

Oxygenated blood is blood rich in oxygen.

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11
Q

What is deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated blood is blood with high levels of carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What type of blood is found in the aorta?

A

Oxygenated

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13
Q

What type of blood is found in the pulmonary vein?

A

Oxygenated

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14
Q

What type of blood is found in the pulmonary artery?

A

Deoxygenated

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15
Q

Describe some of the differences between arteries and veins?

A
  • Arteries have thick, elastic, muscular walls whereas veins have thin walls with few elastic fibres.
  • Veins have one-way valves whereas arteries do not have any valves.
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16
Q

Describe capillaries?

A

Capillaries have extremely thin walls (approx. one cell thick) that allows the diffusion of nutrients and gases into tissue cells.

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17
Q

What is blood pooling?

A

Blood pooling occurs when blood in the veins pool in the extremities.

18
Q

What is venous return?

A

Venous return is an important mechanism for helping the return flow of blood to the heart and preventing blood pooling.

19
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is a measure of the force that the blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it flows through them.

20
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Blood vessels narrowing

21
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Blood vessels widening

22
Q

Describe systolic blood pressure (SBP)?

A

SBP is the pressure exerted on the artery walls when the cardiac muscle in contracting and pumping blood.

23
Q

Describe diastolic blood pressure (DBP)?

A

DBP is the pressure exerted on the artery walls when the heart is in a relaxed state.

24
Q

What is optimal blood pressure?

A

Optimal blood pressure is a blood pressure reading of 120/80.

25
What blood pressure reading is stage 1 hypertension?
Stage 1 hypertension is a blood pressure reading of 140/90 - 159/99.
26
List some of the short-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system?
* Increase in heart rate * Increase in stroke volume (amount of blood pumped per heart beat) * Increase in cardiac output (amount of blood pumped per minute) * Increase in systolic blood pressure * Dilating capillaries
27
List some of the long-term effects of exercise on the circulatory system?
* Stronger heart muscle * Lower resting heart rate * An increase in blood pumped in one contraction * An increase in blood pumped in one minute * Lower working heart rate for the same effort * An increase in the number of capillaries * An increase in sixe and number of mitochondria * Sustained optimal blood pressure
28
What is pulmonary circulation?
Pulmonary circulation is the circulation between the heart and lungs.
29
What is systemic circulation?
Systemic circulation is the circulation between the heart and body.
30
Which side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood?
Left
31
True or False? ## Footnote The main artery that leaves the left ventricle is the aorta.
True
32
True or False? The pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.
FALSE - Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
33
True or False? The vena cava is part of the systemic circulatory system.
TRUE
34
True or False? The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
TRUE
35
True or False? ## Footnote Circulation between the heart and lungs is known as pulmonary circulation.
TRUE
36
True or False? All arteries carry oxygenated blood.
FALSE - Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
37
True or False? All veins carry blood towards the heart.
TRUE
38
True or False? ## Footnote The pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.
TRUE
39
True or False? The largest artery in the body is the aorta.
TRUE
40
True or False? Veins have non-return valves.
TRUE

Level 2 fitness Instructing (Gym) (17 decks)

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