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AOS > The Chest Wall #1 > Flashcards

The Chest Wall #1 Flashcards

1
Q

List the layers of the chest wall in order

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. Extrinsic muscle
  4. Ext. intercostal
  5. Int. intercostal
  6. Innermost intercostal
  7. NVB
  8. Parietal pleura
  9. Pleural cavity
  10. Visceral pleura
  11. Lung
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2
Q

What is extrinsic muscle?

A
  • Muscle that has attachment outside of the chest

- can move the ribs for breathing

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3
Q

What are intrinsic muscles?

A

attached entirely within the chest

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4
Q

List the intrinsic muscles

A
  • ext. intercostal
  • int. intercostal
  • innermost intercostal
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5
Q

Where do intrinsic muscles get their nerve supply from?

A

get nerve supply from corresponding intercostal nerve of rib above

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6
Q

How do fibres run in ext. + int. intercostal muscle?

A
  • ext.: fibres run from rib above to rib below - forwards and down
  • int.: fibres run from rib below to rib above - backwards and up
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7
Q

List the extrinsic muscles

A
  • serratus ant.
  • pectoralis major + minor
  • abdominal muscles
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8
Q

What is the origin + insertion of pectoralis major?

A
  • arises from chest wall + inserts into upper limb

- causes abduction + int. rotation of humerus

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9
Q

What is endothoracic fascia?

A

deep fascia inside the intrinsic muscle

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10
Q

What is parietal pleura?

A

serous mem that covers inside of chest inside endothoracic fascia

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11
Q

What is function of parietal pleura?

A
  • secretes fluid into pleural cavity - lubes + dec friction as lung moves
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12
Q

What is visceral pleura?

A

covers surface of lung

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13
Q

List the 3 parts of the sternum

A
  1. Manubrium sterni
  2. Body of sternum
  3. Xiphisternum/Xiphoid process
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14
Q

What is the function of the ribs?

A

breathing

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15
Q

What is the manubrialsternal joint + what is it also known as?

A
  • Joint between manubrium + body of sternum

- aka sternal angle/angle of Louis

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16
Q

What type of joint is the manubrial sternal joint?

A
  • 2ndary cartilaginous
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17
Q

What type of joint is the xiphisternum and its sig?

A
  • cartilaginous through life and then ossifies at 80/90 to become bone
  • no functional sig
18
Q

What type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint and the sig of this?

A

primary cartilaginous therefore doesn’t move as freely

19
Q

Where is the 1st sternocostal joint attached?

A

to sternum

20
Q

List the true, false + free-floating ribs

A
  • true: 1-7
  • false: 8-12
  • free-floating: 11-12
21
Q

What is sig about the 2nd sternocostal joint?

A

has double facet - attached to body + manubrium

22
Q

What is type of joints are the 8th-10th sternocostal joints?

A

attach to costal cartilage above it

23
Q

What is sig about free-floating ribs?

A

no ant. attachment

24
Q

What type of joints are the 2nd-7th sternocostal joints and the sig?

A

synovial so move freely

25
Q

What type of joints are the chondrochronal joints (8-10) and the sig?

A

synovial so move freely

26
Q

How are the ribs angulated and the sig?

A
  • ant. part going up, post. part going down so post. part of rib higher than ant. part
  • oblique alignment - ribs face down (post.)
  • costal cartilage faces upwards - allows ribs to be horizontal when breathing
27
Q

Where does SCM attach?

A

clavicle, sternum + mastoid process

28
Q

What nerve supplies SCM?

A

XI

29
Q

What is function of SCM?

A
  • pulls skull so can look L + R
  • pulls skull forward if both used together
  • keeps ribcage elevated + prevents it dropping further
30
Q

What nerve supplies the scalenes?

A

cervical plexus

31
Q

What is the function of the scalenes?

A
  • helps to keep the chest wall up

- used in forced breathing

32
Q

List the scalene muscles

A
  • scalenus ant.
  • scalenus medius
  • scalenus post.
33
Q

Where do the scalenes attach?

A
  • scalenus ant. + medius attach to 1st rib

- scalenus post. attaches to 2nd rib

34
Q

How does a baby’s ribcage compare with an adult’s?

A
  • wider costal margin
  • ant. ribs more horizontal
  • flatter diaphragm
  • ribs more straight
35
Q

What is the sig of babies having straighter ribs?

A
  • rely on diaphragm for breathing

- can’t do costal breathing

36
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

A

ribs go down which inc chest vol for breathing

37
Q

Which ribs are typical and why?

A

3-9

- art with its own vert + 1 above

38
Q

Where does the head of the rib attach?

A

to body of vert

39
Q

What is the costovert joint?

A

where head of rib joins with body of vert

40
Q

What is sup. + inf. demi-facet?

A
  • sup: attaches to vert above e.g. 4th thoracic vert

- inf: attaches to its own vert e.g. 5th rib attaches to 5th thoracic vert

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