The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Atom
Atoms are the smallest part of an element that will maintain all the chemical and physical properties of that element.
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass (stuff).
Democrities
In the City of Alexandria (460-370 B.C.) Developed the idea that all matter was composed of fundamental particles he calls “atoms”.
Lucretious
(100 B.C.) Stated that an atom was the smallest form of matter and that atoms could not be broken down further. Believed there were specific types of atoms.
Basic types of atoms (Lucretious)….
Earth, wind, fire, air and water.
John Dalton
(1810 A.D) Proposed the theory that atoms were solid spheres that were tightly packed in solids, and loosely packed in gasses.
Earnest Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
Showed that atoms were mostly composed of empty space (alpha particles).
Niels Bohr
(1913 A.D.) Developed a model of the atom now called the Bohr Model. He stated that electrons revolved in definite orbits around a solid nucleus and that the electrons occupy most of the empty space of an atom.
Element
A substance that is composed of only one type of atom. There are 92 naturally occurring elements.
What elements make up 98% of living organisms?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus.
Elements cannot be broken down……
Into simpler forms by ordinary chemical or physical means.
Atomic Mass
The building blocks of atoms
Neutron
An atomic particle that makes up half of the nucleus of an atom.
The neutron provides the atom with…..
Half of it’s measurable mass (mass= 1 AMU)
Isotope
An atom that has a different number of neutrons than the most commonly found form of that atom.
Radioactivity
Energy that is given off by an isotope as it breaks down into it’s most common form.
Proton
An atomic particle that makes up half of the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons
An atomic particle that is found in “energy levels” outside the nucleus of an atom.
Ion
An electrically charged atom that is produced whenever atoms gain or lose electrons.
Valence Number
The number of electrons in the outer most energy level of an atom.
Compound
A substance that is formed from the chemical union of two or more different types of atoms.
Chemical Change
A type of change that will result in the formation of new substances during the build up or break down of a compound.
Ionic Bond
A type of chemical bond that forms when one atom gains and one atom loses an electron.
Covalent Bond
A type of bond that forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
