Organic Compounds

Question 0

Carbohydrates are….(examples)

Answer 0

Complex: Bread
                Pasta  {Starch, grains}
                Potato
Simple: Sucrose
             Sugar     {Glucose, fructose}

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

The main and best source of energy for all life.

Question 2

Some disaccharides are…..

Answer 2

a) maltose= glucose+glucose
b) lactose= glucose+galactose
c) sucrose= glucose+fractose

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

(One sugar) Type of carbohydrate that is composed of one sugar unit.

Question 4

Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Many sugar units bonded together by dehydration synthesis to form a long chain. (Polymer)

Question 5

Polymer

Answer 5

Any molecule that is composed of the same repeating subunit.

Question 6

Starch

Answer 6

The storage form of sugar in plants.

Question 7

Cellulose

Answer 7

A polysaccharide made by plants that make up plant cell walls.

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

The storage form of sugar in animals. Produced in the liver.

Question 9

Lipid

Answer 9

Very large organic molecule that serves as the long term storage of energy and cell structure.

Question 10

Hydrocarbon chain

Answer 10

A long chain of carbon saturated with hydrogens.

Question 11

Saturated fat

Answer 11

Animal fats whose hydrocarbon chain is saturated with hydrogen.

Question 12

Unsaturated fat

Answer 12

An oil whose hydrocarbon chain has a pair of hydrogen replaced with a double bond between the carbons.

Question 13

Polyunsaturated fat

Answer 13

Vegetable oils whose hydrocarbon chain has many hydrogen pairs replaced by double bonds.

Question 14

Partially Hydrogenated or

Trans Fatty Acids

Answer 14

A “man made” fat created when a polyunsaturated oil is hydrated to turn the oil into a fat that can be used for baking and frying.

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

Very large organic molecule that is important to cell structure and function, is necessary for body structure and function and may be used as a source of energy.

Question 16

Proteins contain the elements….

Answer 16

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. (May contain sulfur)

Question 17

Amino acids

Answer 17

The building blocks of all proteins.

Question 18

The radical group

Answer 18

The part of an amino acid that makes one amino acid different from another.

Question 19

Dipeptide

Answer 19

Two amino acids bonded together be a peptide bond.

Question 20

Three factors that will affect enzyme function…

Answer 20

Temperature, pH and concentration.

Question 21

Nucleic Acids

Answer 21

Large organic molecules that are the chemical agents of inheritance (DNA, RNA). And are the usable form of energy for all life (ATP).

Question 22

Nucleotides

Answer 22

The building blocks of all Nucleic acids.

Question 23

Nucleotides are composed of three main parts…..

Answer 23

A five carbon Deoxyribose (DNA) or Ribose sugar (RNA). A phosphate group. A nitrogen -containing base (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytocine).

Question 24

Mononucleotide

Answer 24

A Nucleic acid that is composed of one nucleotide.

Question 25

Di-nucleotide

Answer 25

A Nucleic acid that is composed of two nucleotides.

Question 26

Polynucleotide

Answer 26

A Nucleic acid that is composed of a long chain of nucleotides (DNA, RNA)

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

A double stranded polynucleotide.

Question 28

Wilkins and Franklin

Answer 28

Performed important x-ray diffraction studies of the DNA molecule in the early 1950’s.

Question 29

Watson and Crick

Answer 29

(1953) Were the first to discover the 3-D structure of the DNA molecule.