The Chemical Level Of Organization Flashcards
Chemical symbols
Elements given letter abbreviations
Atoms
Contains protons neutrons and electrons
Protons
Positive charge + particles
Neutrons
Neutral
Electrons
Negative charge -
Atomic number
Determines the element the number of protons in a atom
Isotopes
Are formed when the number of neutrons change
Mass number
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom and indicates how much the atom weighs this is always a whole number
Atomic mass
Atomic weight is the average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes this average is not exactly a whole number
CHON
Make of 96% of the body
Ions
Are atoms that given up or gained and electron in their outer electron shell
Molecules
Are formed when atoms share electrons
Electrolytes
Molecule that dissociates in water to from individual ions
Chemical bonds
The atoms of the molecule are held together by forces of attraction
Ionic bonds
Form when an atom loses or gains an electron ions are formed
Anions
Are negatively charged ions that picked up one or more electrons that another atom has lost they are electron acceptors
Cations
Are positively charged ions that have given up one or more electrons they are electron donors
Covalent bonds
Are formed by atoms of molecules sharing one two or three pairs of their outermost electrons covalent bonds are the strongest chemical bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Are weak interactions result from attraction of oppositely charged parts of molecules they should not be confused with covalent bonding to hydrogen which involves actual sharing of electrons are large 3-D bonds like proteins and DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds
Chemical reactions
Reactions that occur when electrons in the outermost shell are shared or transferred new bonds form and old bonds broken
Chemistry
The study of matter
