Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terms > Terms Glossary > Flashcards

Terms Glossary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Absolute value

A

A bracket function that turns any value within its brackets positive; for example, |3 -5|= | -2|=2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acid

A

A sour, corrosive chemical that ionizes in water to form H+ ions and has a ph of below 7.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adaptation

A

In evolution, a change in form brought about by a mutation that results In an advantage for a organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adjective

A

A word that modifies a noun or pronoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adverb

A

A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allele

A

A from of a gene that codes for proteins that produce given traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amino acid

A

One of 20 small nitrogen-containing organic acids that serve as a building block for all proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antecedent

A

In grammar the noun to which a pronoun refers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antibody

A

A blood protein that is made by B cells to bind to foreign antigens that enter the body so they can be eliminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antigen

A

A toxin or foreign substance that produces an immune response in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atom

A

The fundamental unit of matter that makes up the 118 different elements, or forms of matter; An atom consist of a central nucleus containing protons, neutrons, and other outer electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atomic mass

A

The mass of a single atom, usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atomic number

A

The number that identifies a particular element on the periodic table; it tells how many protons and electrons that atom has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atomic radius

A

The distance from an atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atrium

A

One of the top chambers of the heart that receives blood from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Axon

A

The long thin, conductive part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the neuron cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

B- cells

A

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Base

A

A chemical that produces OH -1 ions in solution, has a pH of greater than 7.0, and reacts with acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bases

A

One of the four “alphabet letters “ that make up the genetic code for DNA: A ( adenine) T ( thymine) C (cytosine) and G ( guanine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Battery

A

An electrochemical cell; technically, a battery is more than one cell connected in series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bias

A

A prejudice that is typically based on a faulty opinion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Biome

A

One of the earths major biological regions; for example grassland, tundra, or desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biotic

A

A factor in an ecosystem that is biological in origin such as plants animals fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Capillary

A

A very tiny blood vessel that can be either an artery or a vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cell

A

The basic biological unit of all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process of cells burning oxygen to obtain energy and giving off carbon dioxide as waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Central nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Chemical change

A

A change in the composition of atoms or molecules as a result of a chemical reaction; for example, when H20 is broken into H 2 and O 2 , the composition of atoms has changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structures in the cell nucleus that are made of DNA and contain the genetic code for an organism; humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

31
Q

Circuit

A

An electrical system in which current flows in a circular path

32
Q

Circulatory system

A

The body system that includes the heart and blood vessels

33
Q

Clause

A

A group of words that include a noun and verb

34
Q

Community

A

All of the different species of organisms that exist in a particular area of the ecosystem

35
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance such as methane (CH4) or water ( H2O) that is made up of two or more elements

36
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solute that is dissolved in a solution with a high concentration has a large amount of solute dissolved

37
Q

Consumers

A

Biological organisms that cannot make their own food, such as animals or fungi

38
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared equally

39
Q

Dendrites

A

The parts of a neuron that receive input from other neurons

40
Q

Diabetes

A

A disease in which the body does not secrete a sufficient amount of insulin into the bloodstream and the body cells become starved because they cannot take in glucose

41
Q

Diffusion

A

The process in which material flows from a more concentrated area to a area that’s less concentrated

42
Q

Digestive system

A

The body s

43
Q

ABiotic

A

The nonbiological factors in an ecosystem such as air, water, soil, and rock

44
Q

Displacement

A

A change of position typically the result of movement

45
Q

DNA

A

A genetic molecule that makes up chromosomes in the cell and forms the genetic code DNA transmits information for the proteins that help carry out all important life processes

46
Q

Dominant

A

In genetics an allele with a trait that prevails when it is present and the other allele is recessive

47
Q

Ecosystem

A

An environment that includes both biotic and abiotic ( air, soil, water, ) factors

48
Q

Electric current

A

Is the movement of electrons

49
Q

Electron negativity

A

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons

50
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged fundamental particles that exist outside of the nucleus of every atom

51
Q

Element

A

A substance such as carbon nickel or chlorine that is made of a single type of atom

52
Q

Embryo

A

A growing organism that is incomplete and unborn

53
Q

Endocrine

A

Pertaining to hormones that secrete internally into the blood stream

54
Q

Endothermic

A

A reaction that takes in energy

55
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

56
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that facilitates a chemical reaction

57
Q

Evolution

A

The process by which biological organisms change in form over time because of adaptations that produce different levels of survivability within an environment

58
Q

Excretory system

A

The body system that removes cellular waste that is expelled from the body after being processed in the kidneys

59
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that gives off energy

60
Q

F = ma

A

An expression of Newton’s second law in which force ( F) is equal to mass (m) times acceleration (a)

61
Q

Gas

A

The state of matter in which atoms or molecules move freely as a fluid and fill up any space that they inhabit

62
Q

Gene

A

A section of a chromosome typically a gene codes for particular protein

63
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism with regard to its alleles an organism with dominant and recessive “T” and “S” genes might have genotype TtSs or ttSs among others

64
Q

Glomerulus

A

A functional unit of the kidney that controls excretion

65
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency of an organism to find a safe stable for all body functions within its internal environment

66
Q

Hypertonic

A

An area in which matter is concentrated and tends to diffuse to a less concentrated area

67
Q

Hypotonic

A

An area in which a substance is less concentrated a substance that tends to diffuse into hypotonic area from an area of higher concentration

68
Q

Impulse

A

Force applied over a period of time

69
Q

Liquid

A

The state of matter in which particles are attracted but still can move somewhat freely

70
Q

Litmus paper

A

Paper used to determine the pH acidity of a chemical blue litmus paper turns red in an acid and red litmus paper turns blue in a base

71
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division in which gametes
( egg and sperm cells ) are formed that have only a single set ( 1 n) of chromosomes rather than the normal double (2 n) set of chromosomes that all other body cells have

72
Q

Mitosis

A

Process in which cells divide to grow

73
Q

Molarity

A

The number of moles of a chemical per liter of solution a solution of 2M contains 2 moles of the chemical for every liter of solution

74
Q

Mutation

A

A mistake in the copying of DNA that usually results in faulty proteins that are lethal but can sometimes result in beneficial adaptations

Medical Terms (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions