The Changing Uk economy Flashcards
De industrialisation
The decline of traditional industries such as manufacturing this has happened because:
-Machines and technology are replacing people
-Other countries (like china)can produce cheaper goods as labour is less expensive
Globalisation
The growth and spread of ideas around the world
Many people work on global brands in the quaternary sector
Increased world trade and cheaper imported products have contributed to decline in uk manufacturing
A post industrial economy
A post industrial economy is when the manufacturing industry declines and is replaced by growth in the service and quaternary industries
Development of information technology
Internet access enables people to work from home
1.3 million people work in the it sector
Service industries and finance
-Financial service’s account for 10% of the uks gdp
-finance is an important part of the service sector
Research
The UKs research sector (part of quaternary sector)employs over 60,000 highly qualified people
Contributes about 3 billion pounds to the uk economy
Science parks
A group of scientific businesses located on a single site
University of Southampton science park
Benefits:
-Excellent transport links
-Excellent links with university
-Attractive location with green areas
business parks
An area of land occupied by a cluster of business usually located on the edge of towns were:
land is cheaper and more available
Access is better with less congestion
Business can benefit from working together
Quarrying in the uk
Quarrying is the process of removing rock, sand, gravel or other minerals from the ground to use for resources
Quarrying impacts…
-destroys natural habitats
-pollute water courses
-scar landscapes
Making quarrying more sustainable
-strict controls on blasting(removal of dust from roads and landscaping)
-recycling is encouraged
-companies are expected to retire or improve quarry after use
Impacts of industry on physical environment
-manufacturing plants can look dull
-industrial processes and waste products can cause air,water,and soil pollution
-the transport of raw materials and manufacturing products increase levels of air pollution
Torr quarry Somerset
A lime stone quarry in the mendip hills which employs over 100 people a year and contributes more then 15 million towards the local economy each year
-the quarry is being restored to create wildlife takes
-200 acres of the site have already been landscaped
-regular monitoring of noise,vibration,dust and water quality
-rail transport of quarried rock minimises the impacts on local roads and villages
An area of population growth:south Cambridgeshire
Changes
-the population of 150,000 is increasing due to migration
-most migrants are from Cambridge
-there are more people aged over 65
Social effects
-80% car ownership leads to increased traffic on narrow roads
-housing developments on the edges of villages reduce community spirit
-young people cannot afford to move away
Economic effects
-a reduction in agricultural employment as farmers sell land for housing
-lack of affordable housing
-high demand leads to high petrol prices
An area of population decline:the outer Hebrides
Changes
-population has declined by 50% since 1901
-limited employment means young people have moved away
Social effects
-the expected fall in the number of children will result in schools closing
-an increasingly aging population has fewer young people to support them
Economic services
-services are closing
-most small farms can only provide work for two days a week
Road improvements
The 2014 road investment strategy includes
-100 new road schemes by 2020
-1300 new lanes miles added to motorways
-extra lanes added to turn main motorways into smart motorways
Railway improvements
There are plans to stimulate economic growth in the north by
-improving trans Pennine rail links reducing journey times by up to 15 minutes
-Hs2 a planned high speed rail line to connect London with Birmingham,Sheffield,Leeds and Manchester
Developing the uk ports
-32 million passengers pass through everyday
-ports employs 120,000 people
-private companies run many ports
Airport developments
-airports create vital global links
-they provide thousands of jobs
-they also boost economic growth both regionally and nationally
What is the north south divide
It refers to the real or imagined cultural and economic differences between the south and the rest of the uk
Why is there a north south divide?
-during the Industrial Revolution the uk was centred on coalfields,engineering,and heavy industries in northern England wales and Scotland
-these industries have declined
-the south developed rapidly because of their services
Uks link with trade
-the USA is an important historic trading partner
-there has been an increased in trade with china
What is the uks link with transport
-London Heathrow is one of the busiest airports in the world
-there are important transport links between the uk and mainland Europe via the channel tunnel and sea ferries
Electronic communications links
-Connections are concentrated between the uk and USA
-there is a further concentration in the far east
-a project known as artic fibre is soon to connect Tokyo and London
How can regional strategies address the north south divide
-Local enterprise partnerships:voluntary partnerships between authorities and business,they aim to identify business needs and encourage companies to invest to help the local economy
-Lancashire LEP:creates new business,improve transport with 20 million investment,extend superfast broadband across 97% of the region
-enterprise zones:the aim of a enterprise zone is to encourage new businesses and jobs there supported by the government by providing a business rate discount,creating simpler planning regulations
