the changing economic world case studies Flashcards
Describe the location and reason for tourism in your case study for an LIC that uses tourism to reduce the development gap.
Kenya is an LIC in East Africa. It attracts tourism because of its tribal culture, safari wildlife, warm climate and beautiful unspoiled scenery. This will also increase its development.
What three things changed to make your case study for an LIC that uses tourism to reduce the development gap more suitable for tourism?
kenya, east africa - LIC:
- visa fees for adults were cut by 50% in 2009 to make cheaper visits to Kenya
- visa’s were scrapped for under 16s to encourage family visits
- landing fees at airports on the Kenyan coast were dropped
Give five benefits of tourism in your case study for an LIC that uses tourism to reduce the development gap.
kenya, east africa - LIC:
- visitors increased from 0.9 million in 1995 to 1.8 million in 2011
- tourism now contributes to over 12% of Kenya’s GDP, which could be spent on development and improving the quality of life
- nearly 600,000 people were directly or indirectly employed, which is 10% of all employment in Kenya
- the 24 national parks charge entry fees to tourists, and this money was used to maintain national parks, which helps protect the environment and wildlife
- since 2000, Kenya’s Human Development Index has increased from 0.45 to 0.55
Give three negatives of tourism in your case study for an LIC that uses tourism to reduce the development gap.
kenya, east africa - LIC:
- only a small proportion of the money earned goes to locals, the rest goes to big companies, often based in HICs overseas, so it doesn’t help close the development gap
- some Maasai tribespeople were forced off their land to create national parks
- tourist vehicles damage the environment
Describe the location, population, history and development in your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India is a rapidly developing NEE in south-central Asia
- it has the second largest population in the world (1.3 billion) and is growing
- it was a British colony until 1947, and now has its own democratically elected government
- it has a medium level of development (HDI = 0.61)
- there are large inequalities - large difference between wealthy and (majority) poor; over 20% off the population live in poverty
- education is improving, but adult literacy rate is still less than 70%
- it exports services and manufactured goods around the world
Describe how the industrial structure is changing in your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
PRIMARY INDUSTRY
- employs 50% of working population, but is becoming a smaller part of the economy
- makes up only 17% of the GDP
SECONDARY INDUSTRY
- grown to employ 22% of the workface
- it is stimulating economic development
- provides people with reliable jobs, compared to seasonal agriculture
- selling manufactured goods overseas brings in more income than selling raw materials
TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY INDUSTRY
- becoming a larger part of the economy, employing 29% of the workface
- due to growth in IT firms and supplying services for foreign companies
- contributes most to India’s GDP (53%)
Give four advantages of TNCs in your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
- TNCs provide employment (eg. Unilever employs 16,000 people in India)
- more companies mean a greater income tax for India (eg. Unilever has annual sales of $4.5 billion)
- they run programs to help development in India (eg. Unilever Project Shakti helps poor women in rural villages become entrepreneurs, 45,000 in the scheme)
- help run hygiene education programs (eg. Unilever provides sanitation to 115 million in India)
Give three disadvantages of TNCs in your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
- come profits from TNCs leave India (eg. Unilever is a Dutch-British company)
- can cause environmental problems (eg. mercury-contaminated glass from Unilever ends up in waste dumps, not safely disposed - mercury is poisonous)
- TNCs may move around India to take advantage of local government incentives (eg. Unilever has closed two factories in India once local tax breaks ended)
Give three ways in which your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development is increasing its links with the wider world.
India, NEE:
- reducing barriers to trade and encouraging foreign direct investment
- trade with foreign businesses is increasing
- working to build the TAPI pipeline to carry natural gas from Turkmenistan to India
Give one example of short term aid given to your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
short term aid is to help the recipient countries cope with emergencies
- the UK sent £10m, a rescue team and 1200 tents to India after an earthquake in 2001 - non-governmental organisations, like Oxfam, provided supplies and temporary buildings
Give one example of long term aid given to your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
long term aid is intended to help the recipient countries funded to become more developed
- until 2015, India received over £200m a year from the UK to tackle poverty (however, problems with corruption so aid doesn’t always reach the poorest people)
Say what would usually happen as a result of ‘top-down’ aid given to your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
‘top-down’ aid is when an organisation or government receives the aid and decides where it should be spent
- whenever it is given to India, they are corrupt so it usually doesn’t go to poorer people
Give one example of ‘bottom-up’ aid given to your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
‘bottom-up’ aid is money given directly to local people
- WaterAid trains local people to maintain village handpumps in rural India - improved health, skills and income
Give three impacts on the quality of life as a result of economic development in your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
- more jobs, so more people can improve life
- India’s daily wages increased by 42 Rupees since 2010, so more money to improve life (eg. cleaner water, higher quality of home and medical care)
- some jobs in the industry (eg. coal mining) can be dangerous or have poor conditions, reducing quality of life
Give three impacts on the environment as a result of economic development in your case study for an NEE that is experiencing rapid economic development.
India, NEE:
- energy consumption has increased with economic development - fossil fuels are the most readily available and affordable, but release a lot of pollution (eg. Delhi, the capital, is the most polluted city in the world)
- demand for resources leads to destruction of habitats (eg. for mining)
- increased income from economic development means more money to protect the environment (eg. since 1990, their forest cover has stopped decreasing and started to grow)
