The Changing Economic World Flashcards
define development?
the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.
define the development gap?
the difference in the standards of living between the world’s richest and poorest countries
how is development measured?
GNI per capita birth rate/ death rate life expectancy literacy rate percentage of population with access to safe water human development index
what are the limitations of using indicators to measure development?
Economic measures such as GNI per capita only shows economic development without taking into account the people’s quality of life.
- A high GDP does not necessarily mean there is fair distribution throughout the country.
- as a country develops some aspects of the country develop quicker than others
how can physical factors cause uneven development?
- landlocked countries are cut off from trade due to an absence of coastline
- regions with tropical climates are prone to climate-related disease and pests
- regions of extreme weather occurrences leads to a lack of water availability, a lack of fertile land or devastation.
how can economic factors cause uneven development?
trade can be unfair as rich countries with power can exploit poor countries by deciding on the price they wish to pay for their raw materials. the richer countries can then transform these materials into higher priced manufactured goods and sell them on. the rich get richer, the poor remain poor
how can historical factors cause uneven development?
- many richer nations like North America and Europe had powerful colonies over Asia, Africa and South America. When these colonies gained independence they had limited governance and order in society which destabilized these areas, hindering development.
- war can cause damage to facilities and infrastructure which developing countries cannot afford to repair
how can tourism reduce the development gap?
- many countries utilise their valuable primary resources in the form of their landscape, environment and wildlife to become a tourist destination
- In Jamaica, an island located in the Caribbean sea, the country took advantage of the tourism industry resulting in a positive multiplier effect. To begin, Jamaica brings in more tourists generating income as they spend in shops, hotels and service. This means that there is an increase in employment in the tourist industries such as hotels. This is evidenced in the 200,000 people who are employed within the tourist industry, making it Jamaica’s main source of employment. As a result, the increased number of workers spend their wages locally thus generating more tax revenue for the government. Resultantly, this prompts the government to invest in tourist areas which in turn draws in more tourists.
- Improvements are made to infrastructure such as healthcare services and educational services will directly improve social measures of development such as increased literacy rate or HDI
- The growth of the tourism industry means that a country’s GDP will increase exemplified by the fact In 2014, tourism contributed to 24% of Jamaica’s GDP.
what government policies have shaped the UK’s economy?
- From 1945 to 1979 the government created state run industries and focussed on supporting declining industries
- From 1979 to 2010 the government privatized the state-run industries to create a more competitive business environment
- From 2010 onwards the government tried to rebuild the UK’s economy through investment in the manufacturing industries and improvement to transport infrastructure.
what is the north-south divide?
the cultural and economic differenced between the north and south of England. Those living in the north of England generally experience lower incomes, higher unemployment and a lower standard of living.
How and why have the UK’s roads been improved?
In 2014, the government announced a £15 billion “road investment strategy”. This included the creation of smart motorways achieved through road-widening project and the construction of additional lanes. This aimed to increase the capacity and improve the conditions of the roads, which in turn increases employment opportunities and boosted the north’s economy through improving links between London and the north.
How and why have the UK’s railways been improved?
A scheme began in 2017 included the construction of HS2 which is a £50 billion plan for a new high-speed rail line to connect the South with Northern cities. This aims to reduce congestion and travel time in order to stimulate economic growth in the North.
What are the negative impacts of tourism in Jamaica?
-A growth in the tourism industry leads to negative environmental impacts such as: footpath erosion, excessive waste and harmful erosion
-tourism jobs are seasonal as they dependent on the climate and holiday times.
profit made is confined within the confines of the resort, leading to inequality in other areas of the country.
-In the current climate, tourism is impacted by the global pandemic
How are enterprise zones employed to reduces the UK’s divide?
Since 2011, 24 new enterprise zones have been installed in the aim of encouraging new businesses to set up an thus creating job opportunities in an area where there was no pre-existing businesses. The government supports the enterprise zones through ensuring the provision of superfast broadband and providing a business rate discount
how has local devolution reduced the UK’s divide?
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have has power devolved to them in order that they can choose to spend money in their area in order to make the best decision to benefit that area. Resultantly, many cities have been regenerated and thus re-imaging the area so there is more investment from investors and more businesses are attracted.
