The Changing Economic World.

Question 1

Globalisation

Answer 1

then interconnectedness of the world

Question 2

Quality of life

Answer 2

The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.

Question 3

Development

Answer 3

How far a country has grown economically and technologically and the typical quality of life

Question 4

How is development measured?

Answer 4

GNI, Birth rate, Death rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, people per doctor, literary rate, access to safe water, Human development index

Question 5

GNI

Answer 5

Gross National Income
This is calculated by adding together
· The total value of goods and services produced by population (GDP)
· The income earned from investments that its people and business have made overseas

Question 6

Birth rate

Answer 6

the number of births in a year for every 1,000 people in a population

Question 7

Death rate

Answer 7

the number of deaths each year per 1,000 people

Question 8

infant mortality rate

Answer 8

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Question 9

life expectancy

Answer 9

the average number of years a person might be expected to life

Question 10

literacy rate

Answer 10

The percentage of a country’s people who can read and write.

Question 11

Access to safe water

Answer 11

The percentage of people who can get clean drinking water

Question 12

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer 12

Income- GNI per capita
Education - the average number of years of schooling
Life expectancy - numbers of years expected to live

Question 13

Is GNI Reliable?

Answer 13

Informal sector work doesn’t count to GNI
errors and omissions can happen - Nigeria did not include earnings for entertainment and the internet in their official calculations until very recently

Question 14

The Development Gap

Answer 14

Historical - colonisation
Economic - Food prices fluctuate heavily, Corrupt leaders of LICs, TNCs
Physical - Landlocked countries, Natural Hazards, Extreme Climate

Question 15

Reducing the development gap

Answer 15

Special Economic zones, TNC investment

Question 16

Special Economic zones

Answer 16

Specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract TNC investment

Question 17

TNCs

Answer 17

Transnational company/corporation - a large company operating in several countries
TNC’s invest in LIC’s because of the cheap land and labour this investment

Question 18

Advantages of TNCs

Answer 18

• Bring new investment into the country’s economy
• Provide jobs, often at higher wage levels than average in the local economy
• Bring expertise and new skills that the country does not have
• Have international links that bring access to world markets
• Provide new technology that helps economic development

Question 19

Disadvantages of TNCs

Answer 19

• Take profits out of the country back to the HIC ​
• Exploit the workers and pay them low wages- often called “sweat shops” ​
• Can cause environmental damage and deplete natural resources ​
• TNCs can withdraw their investment from a country at any time leaving the country in jeopardy ​
• They are powerful organisations and can exert political influence over the government in a country . They can often be more powerful than the government itself.

Question 20

International aid

Answer 20

A gift of money, goods or services to a developing country. Unlike a loan the gift does not need to be repaid

Question 21

Bilateral aid

Answer 21

A single country aid

Question 22

Long term development aid

Answer 22

Aid given to a country to develop over a period of time

Question 23

Aid

Answer 23

Through investment projects - Money and equipment to help with education
through social development
through contraceptive through intermediate technology - simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs

Question 24

Disadvantages of fair trade

Answer 24

Higher prices means consumers avoid buying them, especially in economic hardship
*There is a limit to the number of farms or villages on the scheme -> social tension
*The money does not always go to the farmers

Question 25

Advantages of fair trade

Answer 25

*Farmers still receive regular income if the global price of their crop collapses *Families have more money to send their children to school- more skilled *Fair trade often have things like a health care/ housing scheme *Quality of life improves

Question 26

The Gini co-efficient

Answer 26

A measurement of inequality in the distribution of income. The closer the coefficient is to one, the more unequal the income distribution in the country.

Question 27

The world bank

Answer 27

A global system that lends LICs money that has been given by HICs for big development projects

Question 28

Remittance

Answer 28

Money migrants send home from rich countries advantage - Boost the country's GNI that are receiving the remittances disadvantage - Can become too dependant of it and then if there are problems getting the money to the country can face big issues

Question 29

The Demographic Transition model

Answer 29

a model that shows how birth and death rates change over time, and how these changes affect a country's population.

Question 30

Overpopulation

Answer 30

*Environmental degradation-over grazing of the land can lead to soil erosion especially in denser fringes *Reduced happiness- due to reduced health, falling incomes, less housing *Falling incomes- high unemployment, out-migration and low wages *Lack of water- due to so many people relying on it. sanitation also worsens *Lack of housing and transport- overstretched *Reduced health- malnourishment occurs due to insufficient food and the spread of disease (people's immune system weakens when hungry)

Question 31

debt crisis

Answer 31

When a country is unable to repay debt without cutting essential government spending

Question 32

counter-urbanisation

Answer 32

The movement of people and businesses from large cities to smaller towns and rural areas.

Question 33

The green belt

Answer 33

limited housing from developing on the edges of cities there is pressure on the government to build on this land due to the housing shortage.

Question 34

North/South Divide

Answer 34

· Identify areas that need help o Called assisted areas · Improve infrastructure linking cities in the north e.g. M62, HS2 · Give more power to individual cities to take decisions on how to spend their money · New enterprise zones (24 new ones been made since 2011) e.g. Enterprise Zone across Birmingham aims to create 40,000 jobs over its lifespan and give a £2.8bn annual boost to the local economy

Question 35

Roads in uk

Answer 35

35 million vehicles on the road each year * The government's most recent strategy is to increase road capacity with over 100 new road schemes by 2020 and over 100 miles of new lanes added to motorways. * The M4 will also become a 'smart motorway'. * This involves helping reduce congestion for example, by varying the speed limits to keep traffic moving smoothly.

Question 36

car industry in UK

Answer 36

one of the few large-scale manufacturing industries left in the UK. 1.5 million cars made per year in the UK.

Question 37

UK's influence on the world

Answer 37

· 90% of people in the UK use the internet making it one of the most connected countries in the world. The means the UK is on an international stage. · It is an internal hub · It is also a financial hub