Paper 1 Flashcards
What is a biome?
A large ecological area on the earth’s surface with flora and fauna adapting to their environment.
Fill in the blank: The __________ cycle describes the movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
Water
What is the definition of weather?
The state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term average conditions.
Name two factors that influence climate.
Latitude and altitude
What term describes the measure of the average weather conditions in a region over a long period?
Climate
True or False: The greenhouse effect is a natural process.
True
What is the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change?
Carbon dioxide
Define ‘sustainable development’.
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
What is an adaptation in the context of climate change?
Adjustments in practices, processes, or structures to reduce damage from climate change.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the area of land that drains into a river.
River basin
What are tectonic plates?
Massive slabs of Earth’s lithosphere that move and interact at their boundaries.
What is the ‘Ring of Fire’?
A major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
True or False: Earthquakes occur only along tectonic plate boundaries.
False
Name one effect of volcanic eruptions.
Lava flows
What is a floodplain?
An area of land adjacent to a river that is prone to flooding.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which rocks are broken down by natural forces.
Weathering
What is the primary cause of desertification?
Human activities such as deforestation and overgrazing
Define ‘urbanization’.
The increasing population in urban areas compared to rural areas.
What is a primary sector activity?
Economic activities that involve extracting natural resources, such as agriculture and mining.
What does GDP stand for?
Gross Domestic Product
True or False: A higher GDP per capita typically indicates a higher standard of living.
True
What is an example of a renewable energy source?
Solar energy
What is the purpose of a sustainability assessment?
To evaluate the environmental, social, and economic impacts of a proposed project.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term used for the gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities.
Global warming
What is a natural hazard?
A natural event that has the potential to cause harm to people or the environment.
Define ‘population density’.
The number of people living per unit area, typically per square kilometer.
What is an example of a push factor in migration?
War or conflict
Name one reason for urban sprawl.
Population growth
What is the definition of ‘rural’?
Relating to the countryside, rather than urban areas.
True or False: The UK is experiencing population decline.
False
What is a megacity?
A city with a population of over 10 million people.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.
Urban migration
What is a land use model?
A theoretical representation of urban land use patterns.
What does the term ‘gentrification’ refer to?
The process of renovating and improving a neighborhood to attract wealthier residents.
Name one impact of climate change on sea levels.
Rising sea levels
What is the purpose of environmental impact assessments?
To evaluate the potential effects of a project on the environment.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term used for the temporary movement of people to a new location.
Migration
What is the significance of the IPCC?
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which assesses climate change science.
True or False: Deforestation contributes to climate change.
True
What is the main goal of the Paris Agreement?
To limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
Define ‘biodiversity’.
The variety of life in the world or a particular habitat or ecosystem.
What is an example of a non-renewable resource?
Coal
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the gradual change in species composition in a given area.
Succession
What is the role of a conservationist?
To protect and manage natural resources and biodiversity.
True or False: Natural resources are infinite.
False
What is the difference between a renewable and non-renewable resource?
Renewable resources can be replenished naturally, while non-renewable resources cannot.
What is urban heat island effect?
The phenomenon where urban areas become warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of planning and managing urban growth sustainably.
Urban planning
What are the main greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.
What is the purpose of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)?
To conserve nature and reduce the most pressing threats to the diversity of life on Earth.
Define ‘sustainable tourism’.
Tourism that respects the environment and local cultures while benefiting local economies.
True or False: Sustainable cities aim to reduce their carbon footprint.
True
What is the significance of the ozone layer?
It protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the practice of growing crops without the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Organic farming
What is a carbon footprint?
The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product.
Name one strategy to mitigate climate change.
Increasing energy efficiency
What is the role of the United Nations in addressing climate change?
To facilitate international cooperation and agreements to combat climate change.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term used for the gradual increase in ocean acidity due to CO2 absorption.
Ocean acidification
What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?
To protect biodiversity and maintain ecosystem services.
True or False: Climate change only affects the natural environment.
False
What is an ecological footprint?
A measure of human demand on Earth’s ecosystems.
Define ‘land degradation’.
The deterioration of the land’s productivity and biodiversity due to human activities.
What is the significance of wetlands?
They provide habitat for wildlife, improve water quality, and reduce flooding.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the loss of species and their habitats.
Biodiversity loss
What is the importance of reforestation?
It helps restore ecosystems, sequester carbon, and enhance biodiversity.
True or False: Climate change can lead to more extreme weather events.
True
What is the concept of ‘circular economy’?
An economic system aimed at minimizing waste and making the most of resources.
