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Geography 9-1 AQA GCSE > The challenge of natural hazards - case studies & examples > Flashcards

The challenge of natural hazards - case studies & examples Flashcards

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1
Q

Case Study: Where did the Italy (HIC) earthquake occur?

A

L’Aquila, Italy

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2
Q

Case Study: When did the Italy (HIC) earthquake occur?

A

6th April 2009

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3
Q

Case Study: What was the size of Italy (HIC) earthquake?

A

6.3 on the moment magnitude

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4
Q

Case Study: Name 5 primary effects of the Italy (HIC) earthquake

A
  • Around 300 deaths, mostly from collapsed buildings
  • 1500 people were injured
  • Tens of thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed
  • Over 60,000 people were made homeless
  • A bridge near the town of Fossa collapsed and a water pipe was broken near town of Paganica
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5
Q

Case Study: Name 4 secondary effects of the Italy (HIC) earthquake

A
  • Aftershocks hampered recuse efforts and caused more damage
  • Fires in some collapsed buildings caused more damage
  • Electricity and phone services were interrupted though most were repaired within a day
  • Broken water pipe near town of Paganica caused a landslide
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6
Q

Case Study: Name 4 immediate responses to the Italy (HIC) earthquake

A
  • Camps were set up for people made homeless, providing water, food and medial care
  • Cranes and diggers were used to remove rubble
  • Ambulances, fire engines and army were sent to rescue survivors
  • Money was provided by government to pay rent, and gas and electricity bills were suspended
  • Free mobile phones and SIM cards were provided for people who had lost their homes
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7
Q

Case Study: Name 3 long-term responses to the Italy (HIC) earthquake

A
  • New settlements were built to accommodate over 20,000 residents who used to live in damaged city centre
  • Most of city centre is being rebuilt but there have been criticisms over delays
  • An investigation was set up into why modern buildings weren’t built to withstand earthquakes
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8
Q

Case Study: Where did the Pakistan (LIC) earthquake occur?

A

Kashmir, Pakistan

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9
Q

Case Study: When did the Pakistan (LIC) earthquake occur?

A

8th October, 2005

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10
Q

Case Study: What was the size of Pakistan (LIC) earthquake?

A

7.6 on moment magnitude scale

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11
Q

Case Study: Name 5 primary effects of the Pakistan (LIC) earthquake

A
  • Around 80,000 deaths, mostly from collapsed buildings
  • Hundreds of thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed, including whole villages
  • Around 3 million people were made homeless
  • Tens of thousands of people were injured
  • Water pipelines and electricity lines were broken, cutting of supply
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12
Q

Case Study: Name 3 secondary effects of the Pakistan (LIC) earthquake

A
  • Landslides buried buildings and people & blocked access to roads (and cut off water supplies, electricity supplies and telephone lines)
  • Freezing winter conditions shortly after earthquake = casualties & recuse and rebuilding operations were difficult
  • Diarrhoea and other diseases spread due to little clean water
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13
Q

Case Study: Name 3 immediate responses of the Pakistan (LIC) earthquake

A
  • Tents, blankets and medical supplies were distributed - it took up to a month for them to reach most areas
  • International aid and equipment such as helicopters and rescue dogs were brought in BUT help didn’t reach many
    areas for days or weeks
  • Many people had to be rescued by hand without any equipment or help from emergency services
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14
Q

Case Study: Name 3 long-term responses of the Pakistan (LIC) earthquake

A
  • Aid was given to rebuild schools and government money was given to people to rebuild their homes
  • 40,000 people from one destroyed town have been
    relocated to new settlement
  • However, many people had to use government money to buy food:
  • After 3 years, thousands of people were still living in temporary tents
  • Some schools were still not rebuilt 10 years after earthquake with pupils being taught outside
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15
Q

Case Study: Where did Hurricane Katrina strike?

A

Struck Mississippi & Louisiana, USA

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16
Q

Case Study: When did Hurricane Katrina occur?

A

August 2005

17
Q

Case Study: Name 5 primary effects of Hurricane Katrina?

A
  1. More than 1800 people were killed
  2. 300,000 houses were destroyed
  3. Large areas were flooded, including 80% of New Orleans
  4. 3 million people were left without electricity
  5. Some bridges collapsed
  6. Coastal habitats were destroyed
18
Q

Case Study: Name 4 secondary effects of Hurricane Katrina?

A
  1. Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless
  2. 230,000 jobs were lost from damaged businesses
  3. Water supplies were polluted with sewage and chemicals
  4. Total cost of damage was estimated at $150 billion
19
Q

Case Study: Name 4 immediate responses to Hurricane Katrina?

A
  1. 70-80% of New Orleans residents were evacuated before hurricane reached land
  2. Mississippi and Louisiana declared states of emergency - they set up control centres and emergency shelters, and stockpiled supplies
  3. Coastguard, police, fire service and army rescued over 50,000 people
  4. Charities collected donations and provided aid, including millions of hot meals
20
Q

Case Study: Name 3 long-term responses to Hurricane Katrina?

A
  1. The US government provided over $16 billion for rebuilding of homes and provided funds to repair other essential infrastructure
  2. The US Army recommended that buildings are rebuilt on stilts or not rebuilt at all in very low-lying areas
  3. Repaired and improved flood defences for New Orleans costing $14.5 billion were completed in 2013
21
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - name what happened, when it happened and why it happened?

A
  • Long period of heavy snow and very cold weather across UK
  • 25 November 2010 to 26 December 2010
  • Cold air from Northern Europe and Siberia = 2 long period of very cold weather
22
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - describe 3 social impacts

A
  1. Several people died from Hypothermia or accidents (losing control on icy roads)
  2. Schools closed several times - 7000 schools on 2nd December ∴ many parents had to leave work = look after children
  3. Water pipes froze and burst - when they thawed = pipes leaked → 40,000 homes & businesses across Northern Ireland left without water (some cases = over a week)
23
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - describe 3 economic impacts

A
  1. Overall impact = £1.6 billion→ reduced UK’s GDP by 0.5%
  2. Transport networks = severely disrupted
  3. Christmas time = sales went down as shoppers were put off by weather
24
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - describe how transport networks were severely disrupted (mention 4 things)

A
  • Drivers were tapped in cars over 15 hours
  • Some motorways shut e.g. part of M8 was closed for 2 days
  • Trains and flights were cancelled
  • People unable get to work = affects UK’s economy
25
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - describe 3 environmental impacts

A
  1. Snow almost covered all of UK - to depth of over 50 cm in hilly locations
  2. Use of gas and electricity = more than 2x normal December = increase CO2 emissions
  3. Frost damaged crops e.g sugar beet
26
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - Explain how the management strategy PREDICTION reduced the risk

A
  • Warning systems = time for people to prepare for extreme weather
  • e.g Met Office 1st warned about cold watcher at start of November
27
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - Explain how the management strategy PROTECTION reduced the risk

A
  • Individuals and local authorities prepared for extreme weather - before it happened
  • e.g. councils stocked up on gritters and salt supplies to keep roads safe & open
    ← Although there were some shortages during cold spell
28
Q

Case Study: Extreme Weather in the UK - Explain how the management strategy PLANNING reduced the risk

A
  • Emergency services & local councils planned how to deal with extreme weathers
  • e.g. plans to close schools when too dangerous to get there

Geography 9-1 AQA GCSE (22 decks)

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