Economic Development - India Flashcards
What type of economy is India?
Newly Emerging Economy
What’s India’s population like?
2nd largest population in the world & still growing
Give some history about India
Was British colony until 1947 = now has own democratically elected government
What is the development like in India?
Medium level of development (HDI = 0.61)
- Some people = very wealthy
- But majority poor & over 20% of population live in poverty
- Education is improving
- But adult literacy rate is still less than 70%
Name 3 facts about India’s primary industry
- Employs 50% of working population
- Becoming smaller part of India’s economy
- Makes up only 17% of its GDP
Name 3 facts about India’s secondary industry
- Employ 22% workforce
- Provide people with reliable jobs (compared to seasonal agricultural work)
- Selling manufactured goods overseas = more income than selling raw materials
Name 3 facts about India’s tertiary and quaternary industry
- Employs 29% of workforce
- Contribute 53% to India’s GDP
Why has India’s tertiary and quaternary industry become much larger part of the economy? (2 reasons)
Due to growth in IT firms & supplying services for foreign companies
Give an example of a TNC in India and a fact about it
Unilever
1 of world’s biggest food and consumer goods manufacturers
Name 4 advantages of TNCs in India
- Provide employment
- More companies = greater income from tax
- Some TNCs run programs to help development in India
- Unilever works with charities
How many people do Unilever employ?
16,000 people
Describe one of Unilever’s programs to help development in India
Unilever’s Project Shakti
- Helps poor women in rural villages to become entrepreneurs
- By providing loans
- products for them to sell in places that Unilever would struggle to supply
- 45,000 women in this scheme
Explain how Unilever works with charities
- Help run hygiene education programs
- Provide sanitation to 115 million people
- Improves health (& increase sales)
What is Hindustan Unilever annual sales?
$4.5 billion+
Name 3 disadvanatges of TNCs in India
- Some profits from TNCs leave India (Unilever = Dutch-British company)
- TNCs move around India to exploit local government incentives
- TNCs cause environmental problems
Give an example of TNC causing environmental problems
- Mercury-contaminated glass from Unilever factor (in Kodaikanal) = ended up in waste dump instead of being safely disposed
- Mercury = environmental damage + healthy problems (e.g. brain damage)