Resource Management Flashcards
What is meant by malnourished?
When a person don’t have right balance of nutrients
What is meant by undernourishment?
Where people don’t get enough food of any kind
State a social effect of malnourishment
Malnourished = increases likelihood of diseases
Name 2 economic effects of having a lack of food
- Not enough food = not perform well at school
- = lack skills needed to help country’s economic development
- prevents people from working
- harms personal economic well-being & economy of their country
- prevents people from working
Name a social effect of no sanitation
- Water sources get polluted by raw sewage
- = water-borne diseases e.g. cholera = kill many people each year
Name 2 economic effects of not having acess to clean, safe water
- Having to walk long distances to fetch clean water = have economic impact on people & country’s economy
- People = less time working & children ≠ school
- Water needed to produce food, clothes, etc ≠ produce goods
Name 2 economic effects of having electricity
Electricity: industries to develop + creates jobs = makes countries wealthy
What do people do if there’s no electricity available (2x)?
Burn wood or kerosene for cooking & to provide light/heat
What’s the social effect of buring wood?
- Fuelwood = deforestation
- People have to walk further to find wood
What’s the issue of using kerosene?
Kerosene stoves = harmful fumes & starts fires
Why is the global supply and consumption of resources uneven? (envrionmental wise)
∵ Some countries have:
- No energy reserves
- Dry climate/environments not suitable for food production
How do countries access more resources? (2x)
Import or find technological solutions to produce more
What 2 things does consumption of resources depends on?
country’s wealth + their availability
Why is consumption of resources greater in HICs?
∵ they can afford them (+ expect higher standard of living)
Why is consumption increasing rapidly in NEEs?
∵ Industry developing very fast & population, wealth = increasing rapidly
Why is consumption lower in LICs?
∵ Can’t afford exploit resources they have OR import
What is an agribusiness?
- Large-scale industrial farming
- Where processes from production of seeds & fertilisers to processing & packaging of food = controlled by large firms
Name 3 ways farms are changing
- Farm sizes increasing
- Amount of chemicals in food production increasing
- No. of workers decreasing
Describe 2 ways in which farm sizes are increasing & why this is happening
- Small farms take over & field sizes increased
- = food produced more cheaply
Name 2 ways in which the amount of chemicals in food production increasing
- Large amount of artificial fertilisers & pesticides = crops
- Animals given special feed = encourage growth
Why is the no. of workers decreasing?
∵ greater use of machinery
What is the environmental impact of increasing farm size?
Hedgerows removed = loss in biodiversity
What is the environmental impact of using heavy machinery ?
Soil erosion
Describe 3 ways in which the types of food in demand in UK have changed
- Since 1960s: growing demand for seasonal products all year round
- Increasing demand for high-value foods
- Organic produce = increasingly popular
Name 3 examples of high-value foods
Exotic fruits & veg, coffee, spices
Why is there an increasing demand for high-value foods?
More popular as people’s income increased
Why is organic produce becoming increasingly popular? (give 2 reasons)
∵ people more concerned about environmental impacts of food production & effects of chemicals on health
Why is the problem with organic produce?
A lot of it is imported
What are food miles?
Distance food is transported to the market
What is a carbon footprint (food wise)?
Amount of greenhouse gas produced during growing, packing and transporting food
Imported food = __________ + __________
high food miles + large carbon footprint
What are people doing as they become aware of the environmental issues caused by imports?
Buying more food locally
Where is there areas of water surplus in the UK?
North & west
Where is there areas of water deficit in the UK & why?
- South east and Midlands = high population densities = high demand (+ low rainfall)
Why has the demand for water been increasing? (3x)
- UK population expected to increase by 10 million by 2040
- Since 1975: amount of water used by households increased by 70%
- Population densities changing
Why since 1975, has the amount of water used by households increased by 70%?
∵ people have more appliances = use more water
Why are population densities changing?
Lots of new homes planned to be built in south east
How does polluted/low quality water affect the amount of water available?
Reduces it
Describe 3 ways in which water is being polluted
- Nitrates & phosphates from fertilisers on crops = washed into rivers + groundwater
- Pollutants from vehicles = washed into water sources by runoff when it rains
- Accidental chemical & oil spills = pollute local water sources & groundwater
Describe how pollution is affecting groundwater in southern England
- Up to 80% of water in some parts of southern England = groundwater
- But pollution affects quality of it by 50%
- ∴ many (groundwater sources) closed/had expensive treatment
Name 2 strategies to manage the water quality
Improving drainage systems & imposing regulations on fertilisers and pesticides
Name 3 issues with transfering water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit
- Affect wildlife that live in rivers
- Dams and aqueducts (bridges used to transport water) = expensive to build
- Political issues
Describe how water transfer schemes could affect wildlife that live in rivers
e.g. fish migration = disrupted by dams
Describe how water transfer schemes could cause political issues
People may not want their water transferred
Give a stat to support that traditionally, UK relied on fossil fuels to supply energy
In 1970, 91% of energy came form coal & oil
What did the discovery of large gas reserves under North Sea lead to?
1980: 22% of UK’s energy = from gas
Nuclear energy to produce electricity increased during ____
1990s
Give evidence to support that: recently, the UK has shifted away from fossil fuels & towards renewable energy sources
- In 2014, 19% of electricity = renewable sources
- All coal fired power stations in UK = close by 2025
What 2 energy sources are the biggest sources renewable energy in the UK?
Wind and bioenergy
North Sea oil & gas reserves = …
rapidly used up since 2000
Since when and why has coal production fallen hugely?
- Since 1950s:
- To reduce CO2 emissions
- Cost of mining increasing
How is shale gas extracted?
By fracking
Describe the process of fracking
- Fluid pumped into shale rock at high pressure = causing it to crack
- = forces gas trapped in rock to flow back out of well
Name 5 economic issues exploiting energy sources causes
- Extracting fossil fuels = expensive
- cost of extraction increases as reserves used up
- North Sea oil = expensive to produce
- Cost of producing electricity from nuclear and renewable energy sources = high
- Money needed for research into alternate energy sources (e.g. shale gas) & initial investment
- Many renewable sources don’t provide reliable enough supply of energy ∴ UK has to pay to import energy
What is the issue with North Sea oil becoming more expensive to produce?
If price of oil on world market drops = cost more to produce than sell
Name 5 environmental issues exploiting energy sources causes
- Burning of fossil fuels = CO2 + greenhouse gases
- Fracking = pollute groundwater & cause mini-earthquakes
- Natural ecosystems = damaged by renewable energy
- Accidents (e.g. oil spills/nuclear disasters) = leak toxic chemicals into water sources, soil & atmosphere
- Power stations and wind farms = eyesores
Give examples of natural ecosystems being damaged by renewable energy
e.g. large wind farms + tidal barrage system planned in Wales
