Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > The challenge of natural hazards > Flashcards

The challenge of natural hazards Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is a natural hazard?

A

a natural hazard has the potential to cause death or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name two types of natural hazards.

A

Earthquakes
Floods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes an earthquake?

A

An earthquake is caused when tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust suddenly move, creating a release of energy that shakes the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a natural disaster

A

a natural disaster is a natural hazard that has harmed or killed people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 main types of hazards?

A

geological- caused by land and tectonic processes
meteorological- caused by weather and climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are three factors that affect hazard risk

A

vulnerability- more people means more affected
capacity to cope- better population (HIC) lower risk of being affected
nature of hazard- type, frequency and magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are some examples of primary effects

A

buildings and roads destroyed
crops and water sources damaged
people killed/ injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some examples of secondary

A
  • other triggered hazards
    -aid and emergency
  • food and water shortages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some examples of immediate responses

A

-evacuate before
-treat injured
-recover dead bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some examples of long term responses?

A

-repair infrastructure
-improve buildings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 2 types of earth crust? describe them

A

oceanic- crust is thin but thick
continental-thick but less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why do plates move

A

convection currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three types of plate margins?

A

constructive
conservative
destructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the destructive plate margin to me

A

-2 plates move toward each other
-oceanic meets continental (volcanoes and ocean trenches)
-continental to continental (fold mountains made
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the constructive plate margin to me

A
  • 2 plates move away
    -magma rises making new crust
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the conservative plate margin to me

A

-2 plates move past each other at different speeds
-crust is not created or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where do volcanoes occur

A

destructive and constructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where do earthquakes occur

A

all three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tell me some context about New Zealand earthquake

A

-7.8 magnitude
-in 2016

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tell me the primary effects of NZ

A

-2 died
-tens of thousands of homes damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tell me the secondary effects of NZ

A

-triggered up to 100,000 landslides
-landslide lead to the evacuation on 10 farms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tell me the immediate responses on NZ

A

-tsunami warning
-power restored within few hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tell me the long term responses on NZ

A
24
Q

tell me some context for Gorkha

A

-7.8 magnitude
-earthquake hit in 2015

25
Q

tell me the primary effects of Gorkha

A

-9000 died
-800,000 buildings destroyed/ damaged

26
Q

tell me the secondary effects of Gorkha

A

-triggered an avalanche that killed 18 people
-landslides blocked aid

27
Q

tell me some immediate responses for Gorkha

A

-red cross set up 130,000 emergency shelters
-charities provided medicine, food and temporary water supplies

28
Q

give me some long term responses for Gorkha

A

-road from Nepal to Tibet opened up 2 years after earthquake
-opened up heritage sites to encourage tourists

29
Q

What are the 4 ways we can reduce the effects of tectonic hazards?

A

Monitoring - Earthquakes can be monitored using seismometers.
Predicting - Forecasting where they may occur.
Protection - Making buildings able to withstand earthquakes.
Planning - Educating people on what to do in an emergency.

30
Q

Why do some people live in areas at risk from tectonic hazards?

A

-Some people don’t have a choice.
-Tourist attractions provide lots of jobs.
-Minerals from volcanic ash make soil fertile, which is good for farmers because it increases their income.

31
Q

What are the 3 atmospheric cells?

A

Polar, Ferrel, and Hadley.

32
Q

What is global atmospheric circulation?

A

The transfer of heat from the equator to the poles by the movement of air.

33
Q

What happens when the sun warms the air at the equator?

A

Air rises, creating low pressure.

34
Q

What happens at 30 degrees north and south of the equator?

A

Cool air sinks, creating high pressure.

35
Q

What happens at 60 degrees north and south of the equator?

A

Warmer surface winds meet colder air from the poles. The warmer air rises, creating low pressure.

36
Q

What happens at the poles?

A

Cool air sinks, creating high pressure. This high-pressure air is then drawn back towards the equator

37
Q

Where do tropical storms form?

A

Between 5° and 30° north and south of the equator when sea temperatures are 27°C or higher and there is low wind shear.

38
Q

Tell me some context about Typhoon Haiyan:

A

It struck the Philippines on 8th November 2013.

39
Q

What are some primary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?

A

6,300 people killed.
Over 1 million homes destroyed.

40
Q

What are some secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?

A

Flooding triggered landslides, which blocked aid routes.
5.6 million people lost their jobs.

41
Q

Tell me an immediate response to Typhoon Haiyan:

A

Fishermen were warned not to go to sea.

42
Q

Tell me a long-term response to Typhoon Haiyan:

A

Charities built storm-resistant homes for those who lost their houses.

43
Q

What caused the UK 2022 heatwave?

A

Temperatures reached 40°C, and high pressure trapped the heat.

44
Q

What are the environmental impacts of the UK heatwave?

A

Wildfires broke out across London

45
Q

What are the economic impacts of the UK heatwave?

A

Flights at Luton Airport were cancelled due to melting tarmac.
40 properties in London were destroyed by fires.

46
Q

What are some social impacts of the UK heatwave?

A

5 people died while trying to cool off in water.
Surgeries were cancelled because operating rooms became too hot.

47
Q

What are some management strategies used during the UK heatwave?

A

Railways imposed speed limits to prevent track damage.
Hammersmith Bridge was wrapped in foil to reflect heat and prevent overheating.

48
Q

How can we reduce the impacts of flood risk?

A

Sandbags can reduce damage to homes.
Warning systems give people time to prepare.

49
Q

What are 4 pieces of evidence for climate change?

A

Ice and sediment cores - One layer of ice equals one year; scientists analyze the layers for information about past climates.
Tree rings - One year equals one ring; scientists inspect the thickness to determine past weather conditions.
Pollen analysis - Pollen is preserved in sediment; scientists analyze it to understand past vegetation and climates.
Temperature records - Historical data from newspapers, paintings, and written accounts provide insights into past climate conditions

50
Q

What are the natural factors that affect climate change?

A

Orbital changes affect how much energy Earth receives; more energy means more heat.

51
Q

What are some human factors that affect climate change?

A

Burning fossil fuels - Releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Deforestation - Reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide.
Farming - Cows and rice paddy fields produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

52
Q

How does climate change affect the environment?

A

Ice caps melt due to warmer temperatures, causing sea levels to rise, which leads to loss of habitats and a decrease in species.

53
Q

How does climate change affect people?

A

Farming is affected; if it’s too hot, crops may not grow, leading to food shortages and malnutrition.
Warmer temperatures mean more money is spent on predicting, reducing impacts, and rebuilding after disasters.

54
Q

How can we reduce climate change?

A

Plant more trees - Trees act as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Use different energy production methods - For example, switching to hydroelectric power or other renewable sources.

55
Q

How can we adapt to climate change?

A

Plant new crop types that are adapted to the changing climate.
Manage water use by installing water meters to encourage using less water.

Geography (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions