The challenge of natural hazards

Question 1

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 1

A natural hazard is a natural event that poses a risk to people and property

Question 2

What are the types of natural hazards?

Answer 2

Tectonic, Geomorphological, Atmospheric, Biological

Question 3

3 factors that affect the risk hazard

Answer 3

-vulnerability
-capacity to cope
-nature of natural hazard

Question 4

What is the basics of the plate continental theory?

Answer 4

The earth was one big supercontinent called Pangaea. Continents began to drift apart 300 million yrs ago(continental drift theory)

Question 5

2 pieces of evidence for the plate tectonic theory?

Answer 5

-fossils
-theory of convection currents: convection currents in the earths mantle caused the plates 2 move

Question 6

where are earthquakes found?

Answer 6

along all types of plate margins

Question 7

where do volcanic eruptions occur

Answer 7

-only @ constructive and destructive plate margins
-ring of fire:plate margin of the pacific plate

Question 8

what happens at a constructive plate margins?

Answer 8

plates are moving away (volcanic eruptions and earthquakes)

Question 9

example of a constructive plate margin

Answer 9

mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 10

what happens at a destructive plate margin

Answer 10

-plates are moving 2gether
-oceanic plate subducted under continental
-volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

Question 11

example of a destructive plate margin

Answer 11

boundary btwn nazca + south american plate

Question 12

what happens at a conservative plate boundary

Answer 12

-plates move past each other in opposite directions+ different speeds
-only earthquakes

Question 13

Reasons why people live in areas of tectonic risk.

Answer 13

-can’t move
-concern of their economic stability
-cheap geothermal energy
-magma is mineral rich
-overconfident

Question 14

3 ways monitoring and planning can can reduce risk

Answer 14

-possible to predict general location of earthquake so evacuation means less people injured
-seismometers used to measure foreshocks
-radon detectors can be used to measure radon gas in cracks in the earths surface

Question 15

2 ways protection can be done 2 reduce risk

Answer 15

-cross bracing: buildings are reinforced with steel across to provide structural support
-Base isolation: foundation absorbs seismc ssocks

Question 16

2 ways planning reduces risk

Answer 16

-fasten down furniture
-earthquake drills

Question 17

What does global atmospheric circulation explain

Answer 17

-location of world climste zones and distribution of weather hazards

Question 18

Air sinking= pressure, wind direction

Answer 18

-high pressure
-winds moving outwards 30° N & S poles

Question 19

Air rising= pressure, wind direction

Answer 19

-low pressure
-0°-60° N & S

Question 20

Coriolis effect on wind

Answer 20

winds are distorted by earths rotation

Question 21

Surface winds transfer. . .

Answer 21

. . .heat and moisture from one place to another leading to differing weather

Question 22

Where are Hadley cells located?

Answer 22

Around either side of the equator

Question 23

Do Hadley cells receive sunlight?

Answer 23

Hadley cells receive intense sunlight from the sun

Question 24

What is pressure like at a hadley cell?

Answer 24

rising air = low pressure

Question 25

What is the weather like around a Hadley cell?

Answer 25

-rising air cools to form clouds
-hot humid weather 4rom heavy rainfall

Question 26

What are trade winds

Answer 26

air that flows back to the equator

Question 27

what climate is at 0°

Answer 27

tropical climate

Question 28

what climate is at 30°

Answer 28

desert climate

Question 29

where is a Ferrel cell found

Answer 29

30°- 60° N&S of the equator

Question 30

What type of cell causes UK weather

Answer 30

Ferrel cell

Question 31

ferrel cells wind

Answer 31

-wind travels across oceans so pick up moisture
-warm air from tropics/ cold air from poles
-warm air rises above cold causing low pressure

Question 32

cold air is __________ than hot air

Answer 32

denser

Question 33

polar cells wind

Answer 33

flows towards equator

Question 34

Where are tropical storms formed?

Answer 34

tropics as warm oceans are needed

Question 35

how many degrees from the equator

Answer 35

5°-15° N&S of equator

Question 36

heat and spin effect in tropical regions

Answer 36

-intense heat causes rapid air rise
-enough spin from the earths rotation to transfer unstable air into a rotating storm

Question 37

What is the zone between the two Hadley cells called?

Answer 37

Inter tropical convergence zone

Question 38

strong tropical storms need:
________ winds
________ spin
________ pressure

Answer 38

great winds, great spin, low pressure