The Cellular Level of Organization - COMPLETE

Question 1

Functions of receptor proteins

Answer 1

When an outside molecule binds to the specific sight, the receptor protein will send a signal to the inside of a cell to perform a specific function

Question 2

Function of enzymes

Answer 2

Control a reaction.

Question 3

How does an enzyme work

Answer 3

A substrate will fit into the enzyme and create and active sight. Enzyme will crack open this bond and create ATP.

Question 4

Functions of ion channels

Answer 4

Allow for the flow of specific ions across the cell membrane

Question 5

Functions of gated ion channels

Answer 5

Allow for the flow of specific ions across the cell membrane

Question 6

Functions of carrier proteins

Answer 6

Transport proteins from one side of the cell membrane to the other.

Question 7

How does a carrier protein work

Answer 7

Molecule will attach to the protein on one side of the cell membrane and pump the molecule through to the other side

Question 8

Functions of cell-identity markers

Answer 8

Enable classification and identification of cells and cell type. Will also track cell growth

Question 9

Functions of cell-adhesion molecules

Answer 9

Used to secure, stick, and bond to other cells and/or to their surroundings

Question 10

Passive forms of transport of ions through plasma membrane

Answer 10

Movement from a high to low concentration that requires no ATP.

Question 11

Active forms of transport of ions through plasma membranes

Answer 11

Moves from a low to high concentration gradient through carrier-meditated transport. Requires ATP

Question 12

Define simple diffusion

Answer 12

Net movement of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a high to low concentration gradient.

Question 13

Define Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 13

The use of specialized proteins that help carry molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 14

Define Osmosis

Answer 14

Movement of water

Question 15

Describe filtration

Answer 15

The removal of toxins and waste product from the blood. Performed by the kidneys

Question 16

Define Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 16

As blood moves along the capillary, fluid moves out though it pores and into the interstitial space

Question 17

Define a hypotonic solution

Answer 17

A solution with a lower concentration solute that another solution

Question 18

Define a hypertonic solution

Answer 18

A solution with a higher concentration solute that another solution

Question 19

Define an isotonic solution

Answer 19

A solution that has the same solute concentration as the bodies fluids

Question 20

Describe the direction of water across a selectively permeable membrane in a Hypotonic solution

Answer 20

Water rushes into the cells causing it to expand or even burst

Question 21

Describe the direction of water across a selectively permeable membrane in a Hypertonic solution

Answer 21

Water leaves the cell causing the cell to shrivel

Question 22

Describe the direction of water across a selectively permeable membrane in an Isotonic solution

Answer 22

There is no flow of water movement. Cell stays stable

Question 23

Define Protein synthesis

Answer 23

The formation of a new protein

Question 24

Describe unraveling the DNA molecule

Question 25

Define transcription

Answer 25

DNA is changed into RNA

Question 26

Describe transcription

Answer 26

Histone is removed from DNA. RNA polymerase spits the double helix. RNA chain is created

Question 27

Define translation

Answer 27

Using RNA code to create new protein stand

Question 28

Describe translation - Step 1

Answer 28

Initiation: Condon on mRNA binds to ribosome/ Initiator tRNA brings first amino acid to the ribosome

Question 29

Describe translation - Step 2

Answer 29

Elongation: tRNA comes again and again bringing amino acids, while the mRNA is reading each codon

Question 30

Describe translation - Step 3

Answer 30

Termination: Ribosome reaches the stop codon. tRNA is brought with the termination codon

Question 31

Define cell division

Answer 31

The process by which a single parent cells splits to form new cells

Question 32

Define mitosis

Answer 32

Splitting and replication of cells chromosomes to form new cells

Question 33

Define cytokinesis

Answer 33

Bring about the separation into two daughter cells