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CELL BIO EXAM 1 > The Cells: The Raw Materials And Building Blocks > Flashcards

The Cells: The Raw Materials And Building Blocks Flashcards

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1
Q

Allows materials into and out of the cell is called ?

A

A cell membrane

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2
Q

Cell membranes are selectively permeable because____?

A

They choose what goes into and out of the cell, as well as holding the cell contents together acting as a protective covering

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3
Q

A cell membrane is made up of biphospholipid bilayer

A

Prevents polar (hydrophilic) molecules from passing through the membrane as well as hydrophobic molecules to pass through easily

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4
Q

Channels allow?

A

Substances into the cell

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5
Q

Moving things in and out of the cell can be done in which two ways?

A

Passive transport and active transport

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6
Q

Passive transport requires ?

A

No extra form of energy to complete

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7
Q

Active transport requires?

A

Some addition of energy to make it

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8
Q

Passive transport can be divided into 4 parts:

A

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and facilitated diffusion

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9
Q

The most common form of passive transport is?

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

A substance of higher concentration travels to an area of lesser concentration is called?

A

Diffusion

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11
Q

Water travels through a selectively permeable membrane when a concentration gradient is present is called?

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

Water will travel across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high concentration until solute is concentration is equal is ?

A

Osmosis

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13
Q

The ability of a substance to pull water toward an area of higher concentration is called?

A

Osmotic pressure

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14
Q

The greater the concentration the greater the?

A

Osmotic pressure

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15
Q

Pressure is applied to force water and its dissolved materials across a membrane is called?

A

Filtration

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16
Q

Only solutes that can fit through channels and other openings in the membrane will?

A

Filter across it

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17
Q

A carrier molecule helps a substance move across the membrane is called?

A

Facilitated diffusion (carrier mediated passive transport) a variation of diffusion

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18
Q

Protein carriers move molecules across?

A

A membrane down its concentration gradient

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19
Q

What are the three types of active transport?

A

Active transport pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis

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20
Q

Requires the addition of an energy in the form of ATP to move a substance is called?

A

Active transport pump (a carrier mediated active transport) to ATP

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21
Q

Energy is needed because the cell is trying to move a substance?

A

Into an area that already has a high concentration of the substance

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22
Q

A protein carrier is used to move?

A

The substance up the concentration carrier

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23
Q

Used by cells for the intake of liquid and food when the substance is too large to diffuse across the membrane is called?

A

Endocytosis

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24
Q

Pinocytosis is the process when ?

A

Water is being transported

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25
Q

The transport of things out of the cell is called?

A

Exocytosis

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26
Q

A gel-like substance composed of water, nutrients, ad electrolytes

A

Cytoplasm

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27
Q

The nucleus is the?

A

“Brains of the cell”

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28
Q

Dictates the activities of the other organelles in the cell

A

Nucleus

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29
Q

Has a double wall membrane with large pores allowing certain materials to pass in and out, while preventing other materials from entering

A

Nucleus

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30
Q

Found in the nucleus that contains DNA

A

Chromatin

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31
Q

DNA contains the blueprints, or specifications, for the creation of new cells is ?

A

A chromatin

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32
Q

Chromatin will eventually form ______, which carry ______

A

Chromosomes , genes

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33
Q

Genes determine our ?

A

Inherited characteristics

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34
Q

A spherical body made up of dense fibers is found within the cell nucleus is called?

A

Nucleolus

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35
Q

The major function is to synthesize the ribonucleic acid RNA that forms ribosomes is called?

A

Nucleolus

36
Q

Organelles found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or found floating around in the cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

37
Q

Ribosomes are made up of ?

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

38
Q

Assist in the production of enzymes and other protein substances that are needed for cell repair and reproduction

A

Ribosomes

39
Q

Ribosomes can be considered the “remodeler” of the cell because?

A

It takes an existing structure and maintaining and repairing it

40
Q

Contain centrioles that are involved in the division of the cell?

A

Centrosomes

41
Q

Tubular shaped and usually found in pairs?

A

Centrioles

42
Q

Acts as the power plant to provides up to 95% of our bodies energy needs for cellular repair, movement, and reproduction

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

The energy produced in the form of ATP if formed by ?

A

Cellular respiration

44
Q

One form of ER has a sandpaper-like surface with ribosomes on it that is responsible for is called?

A

Rough ER, responsible for synthesis of proteins

45
Q

The second form of ER has no ribosomes and appears smooth is called?

A

Smooth ER and it synthesis lipids

46
Q

Stack of flattened sacs that plays a role in packaging proteins or other substances for export from the cell membrane

A

Golgi apparatus

47
Q

Act to digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell

A

Lysosomes

48
Q

Destroying unwanted bacteria by participating in the process called?

A

Phagocytosis

49
Q

Flagella are a ?

A

Whip-shaped tails that move some cells, like sperm, to other locations

50
Q

Cilia are ?

A

Short, microscopic, hair-like projections located on the outer surface of some cells

51
Q

Move particles in a wavelike motion

A

Cilia

52
Q

Without this process, your cells will quickly die

A

Cellular respiration

53
Q

How does energy get from food to cells?

A

The body takes in food and breaks it down (digestion), during this process energy is released from the food

54
Q

Cells can’t use this energy directly, only when ?

A

The food is converted to glucose it can be used to make energy (ATP)

55
Q

During cellular respiration, glucose is “burned” in the presence of?

A

Oxygen, making water, carbon dioxide, and lots of energy

56
Q

What is the point of cellular respiration?

A

To make energy in the form of ATP

57
Q

what is ATP made up of?

A

Base, sugar, and three triphosphate) phosphate groups

58
Q

Mitosis (asexual reproduction) helps to ?

A

Replace body cells to repair and regenerate damaged tissues

59
Q

Meiosis is involved in sexual reproduction in which?

A

Two different cells unite to form a new cell

60
Q

Meiosis produces gametes (sexual cells) while mitosis is ?

A

Asexual and reproduce exact copies of itself

61
Q

Two major phases of a cell’s life are known as ?

A

The cell cycle

62
Q

Most of the time the cell is int he interphase where it is ?

A

Not dividing and is performing its normal function

63
Q

When the cell needs to reproduce itself, it enters what phase?

A

Mitotic phase

64
Q

The mitotic phase is divided into two major portions called?

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

65
Q

Mitosis has 4 phases called?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

66
Q

Cytokinesis is the division of ?

A

The cytoplasm

67
Q

This phase is when the nucleus disappears, the chromosomes become visible, the spindle forms?

A

Prophase

68
Q

In this phase the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

A

Metaphase

69
Q

In this phase the chromosomes split and the spindles pull them apart?

A

Anaphase

70
Q

In this phase the chromosomes go to the far ends of the cell, the spindles disappears and the nuclei reappear

A

Telophase

71
Q

What happens during or directly after telophase ?

A

Cytokinesis happens and the cell divides in half

72
Q

The original cell was the mother cell that has now formed?

A

Two new identical daughter cells

73
Q

The two new daughter cells identical to the original mother cell is the result of?

A

Mitosis (asexual reproduction)

74
Q

What are the 4 primary micro-organism

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

75
Q

Bacteria are what type of cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells with no nucleus and few organelles

76
Q

Bacteria can be harmful as in the case of pathogens or they can be ?

A

Harmless bacteria called normal flor and is essential for life

77
Q

Viruses are?

A

Infectious particles that can’t grow or eat or reproduce by themselves unless the enter another cell and use that cell for energy

78
Q

Viruses do not respond to ?

A

Antibodies and dormant in the body and become active later in life

79
Q

Fungi, the plural form of fungus can be?

A

A single-celled or multi-celled organism and can cause infections in the body

80
Q

They are plant-like organism with tiny filaments called?

A

Mycelia that travels from the cell to find and absorb nutrients

81
Q

How does fungi spread

A

Through the release of spores

82
Q

A one-celled, animal-like organism that can be found in water and soil

A

Protozoa

83
Q

All living things are made up of?

A

One or more cells that are fundamental units of all living organisms

84
Q

Cells are composed of a variety parts necessary for proper cellular function called?

A

Organelles

85
Q

Can cause disease through ingestion or insect bites?

A

Protozoa

CELL BIO EXAM 1 (5 decks)

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