Biochemistry: The Basic Ingredients Of Life

Question 1

Chemistry is the study of ?

Answer 1

Atoms and molecules and their interactions

Question 2

Elements are made up of ?

Answer 2

All matter, whether living, like our bodies , non-living things

Question 3

The smallest unit of matter that retains the unique chemical properties is called an ?

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

Elements cannot be____?

Answer 4

Broken into smaller pieces by routine chemical techniques

Question 5

Usually abbreviated using the first two letters of their technical names

Answer 5

Elements

Question 6

Two or more elements joined together form?

Answer 6

A molecule

Question 7

A compound is known as?

Answer 7

Molecules with one or more types of element

Question 8

The smallest recognizable unit of an element is called?

Answer 8

An Atom

Question 9

Atoms consist of a ?

Answer 9

Nucleus, containing protons (positively charges particles) and neutrons (neutral particles)

Question 10

The nucleus is surrounded by?

Answer 10

Electrons (negatively charged particles)

Question 11

In a typical atom, the number of (+) charges protons equals_____?

Answer 11

The number of (-) charged electrons.

Question 12

The balance of electrons and protons results in?

Answer 12

An atom with a neutral charge

Question 13

Under certain conditions atoms can ____?

Answer 13

Gain or lose electrons

Question 14

These atoms that have either a positive or negative change is called?

Answer 14

Ions

Question 15

Atoms that have lost an electron will be ?

Answer 15

Positively charged

Question 16

Atoms that have gained an electron will?

Answer 16

Negatively charged

Question 17

“Opposites attract”, the positively charged atoms is ?

Answer 17

Attracted to negatively charged atoms

Question 18

Electrolytes are charged ions found within our body that influence ?

Answer 18

The nervous system, muscle activity,and fluid balance

Question 19

Acids and bases are also electrolytes because they can?

Answer 19

Conduct electricity and breakdown in water

Question 20

Acids dissolved in water releases?

Answer 20

Hydrogen ions that can easily react with other atoms

Question 21

Bases can ?

Answer 21

Accept hydrogen ions

Question 22

Hydroxides are common bases which?

Answer 22

Accept spare hydrogen ions

Question 23

The amount of hydrogen and hydroxide are measured using?

Answer 23

A pH scale

Question 24

The pH scale is from ?

Answer 24

0 to 14

Question 25

The value in a pH scale between 0 and 6.9 means?

Answer 25

It is acidic because there are more hydrogen ions compared to hydroxide ions

Question 26

A pH greater than 7 indicates that there is more hydroxyl ions and therefore it is?

Answer 26

Alkaline or basic

Question 27

The systems that help regulate the acid/base balance include ?

Answer 27

The respiratory and renal system

Question 28

The role of the respiratory system is to ?

Answer 28

Take in air and get rid of carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 29

Elements can be joined together to form ?

Answer 29

Molecules

Question 30

The individual elements in molecules are held together by bonds between ?

Answer 30

Electrons in the atoms

Question 31

An ionic bond results from when?

Answer 31

One atom donates electrons to the other atom

Question 32

A covalent bond results from?

Answer 32

The electrons being shared by the atoms involved in the bond

Question 33

Covalent bonds may sometime be unequal because?

Answer 33

One atom takes more than its share of the shared electrons

Question 34

A polar covalent bond results in?

Answer 34

Weak charges on the electrons in the molecule

Question 35

All of the fluid in your body is based on?

Answer 35

Water based

Question 36

Water is a polar solvent because the bonds between the H and the O in water are ?

Answer 36

Polar covalent , oxygen takes more than its share of electrons

Question 37

Molecules that are water loving is called?

Answer 37

Hydrophilic

Question 38

Molecules that are water-fearing is called ?

Answer 38

Hydrophobic, ex: fats and oils do not mix well with water

Question 39

A solution is when?

Answer 39

The combination of one substance being dissolved in another

Question 40

The substance dissolved is called ?

Answer 40

The solute

Question 41

The substance doing the dissolving is called?

Answer 41

The solvent

Question 42

The solutes dissolved in your water-based body fluid is called?

Answer 42

Electrolytes

Question 43

Solute concentration is when ?

Answer 43

The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 44

The 4 broad categories of molecules are ?

Answer 44

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 45

Carbohydrates are made of ?

Answer 45

Sugar and starches

Question 46

If two monosaccharides are hooked together it forms?

Answer 46

A disaccharide

Question 47

A glucose and a fructose hooked together consists of a?

Answer 47

Sucrose (table sugar)

Question 48

Polysaccharides are made when?

Answer 48

Many monosaccharides are hooked together

Question 49

Consists of many glucose in your liver that is used to store energy is called?

Answer 49

Glycogen

Question 50

Lipids consists of mainly?

Answer 50

Hydrogen and carbon because they are hydrophobic

Question 51

Lipids are used for?

Answer 51

Energy storage,communication, and protection

Question 52

Phospholipids are key molecules in the?

Answer 52

Structure and function of cell membranes

Question 53

Has two fatty acid “tails” and a phosphate “head”

Answer 53

Phospholipid molecule

Question 54

Steroids are examples of?

Answer 54

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen; which lipids

Question 55

Proteins are ?

Answer 55

Molecules made of a long chain of amino acids

Question 56

A special lineage called a peptide bond ties?

Answer 56

The amino acid together and is unique to protein molecules

Question 57

The structure of protein is determined by?

Answer 57

The order of amino acids in the molecule

Question 58

There are only two nucleic acids in nature called?

Answer 58

RNA or DNA

Question 59

The RNA or DNA is involved in controlling?

Answer 59

Activities of cells and are the molecules that contain your genetic code

Question 60

“All the life-sustaining reactions within the body” is called?

Answer 60

Metabolism

Question 61

Anabolism is the process by which ?

Answer 61

Simpler compounds are built up; building phase of metabolism

Question 62

The process by which a complex substances are broken down into simpler substance is called?

Answer 62

Catabolism

Question 63

Enzymes _____

Answer 63

Speed up the rate of chemical reactions, making them fast enough for your cells to use the materials

Question 64

When the reactions is finished, the enzymes goes back to get more molecules is called?

Answer 64

Substrates

Question 65

How does energy get from food to cells?

Answer 65

The body takes in food and breaks it down (digestion). During this process the energy is released from the food

Question 66

Cells can’t use energy directly because

Answer 66

Only food converted to glucose can be used to make energy

Question 67

Glucose can be used by your cells during a series of chemical reactions called?

Answer 67

Cellular respiration

Question 68

During cellular respiration, glucose is combined with ?

Answer 68

Oxygen and is transformed in your mitochondria into a high energy molecule called ATP (adenosine, triphosphate)

Question 69

ATP is made up of a ?

Answer 69

Base, sugar, and three phosphate groups (triphosphate)

Question 70

When a bond is used, ATP becomes ?

Answer 70

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)