The cells of the nervous and neurotransmitters at synapses

Question 1

What are the three types of neuron?

Answer 1

Sensory, inter and motor

Question 2

Cell body consist of ?

Answer 2

Nucleus so it is the control centre

Question 3

What does the axon consist of

Answer 3

Single nerve fibre that carries nerve impulses away from a cell body

Question 4

What do dendrites do?

Answer 4

They pass impulses towards the cell body

Question 5

What are axons surrounded by?

Answer 5

The myelin sheath

Question 6

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 6

A layer of fatty material which insulates the axon, greatly increasing the speed of impulse conduction

Question 7

What is Myelination?

Answer 7

The development of myelin and continues from birth to adolescence

Question 8

What can destroy the myelin sheath which results in a loss in coordination

Answer 8

Certain diseases

Question 9

What produces the myelin sheath and supports neurons

Answer 9

Glial Cells.

Question 10

What functions does the synaptic cleft carry out?

Answer 10

It acts as a switch and may allow or prevent signals passing from one neuron to the next

Question 11

How are messages relayed across the synaptic cleft

Answer 11

By neurotransmitters

Question 12

What are endorphins

Answer 12

Neurotransmitters that stimulate neurones involved in reducing intensity of pain by combining with receptors synapses and blocking transmission of pain signal.

Question 13

What are endorphins produced by?

Answer 13

Hypothalamus

Question 14

What is dopamine

Answer 14

A neurotransmitter that induce feeling of pleasure by stimulating the reward pathway which reinforces certain behaviour to satisfy a need that is beneficial such as hunger or thirst.

Question 15

Neurotransmitter related diseases such as Alzheimer’s schizophrenia and depression can be treated by?

Answer 15

Agonists and Antagonists.

Question 16

What are agonists?

Answer 16

They bind to and stimulate specific receptors on the postsynaptic neurone mimicking action of naturally occurring neurotransmitters triggering normal cellular response

Question 17

Antagonists

Answer 17

Bind to specific receptors to on postsynaptic neurone and blocking the action of the neurotransmitter inhibiting normal cellular response

Question 18

What do inhibitors do?

Answer 18

Act by preventing the removal of the neurotransmitter (by degrading enzymes or preventing re-uptake) causing an enhanced effect

Question 19

What can act like agonists and antagonists?

Answer 19

Recreational drugs

Question 20

How to recreational drugs work

Answer 20

They affect transmission at synapses in the brain altering an individuals mood, cognition, perception, behaviour

Question 21

What do many recreational drugs affect?

Answer 21

They affect the neurotransmission in the reward circuit of the brain causing them to be overstimulated

Question 22

How is drug addiction caused

Answer 22

By repeated use of drugs that act as antagonists.

Question 23

What do antagonists do?

Answer 23

They block specific receptors causing the nervous system to compensate by increasing both the number and sensitivity to of these receptors.

Question 24

How is drug tolerance caused?

Answer 24

By repeated use of drugs that act as agonists.

Question 25

What do agonists do?

Answer 25

Stimulate specific receptors causing the nervous system to compensate by decreasing both the number and sensitivity of these receptors