The Cells

Question 1

Cells

What are the levels of biological organization?

(Hint: A, C, T, O, OS, O, P, C, E, B)

There are ten levels.

Answer 1

Atoms & molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere

Question 2

Animal cell

What are the key components of an animal cell?

(Hint: NL, S&RER, MC, GA, PM, RB, LS, CK, CT, FL)

Answer 2

• Nucleus (stores DNA)
• Smooth & rough ER (makes lipids & proteins)
• Mitochondria (produces energy)
• Golgi apparatus (packages proteins)
• Plasma membrane (controls entry/exit)
• Ribosomes (make proteins)
• Lysosomes (digest waste)
• Cytoskeleton (gives structure)
• Centriole (cell division)
• Flagellum (movement)

Question 3

Plant cells

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

(Hint: CLP, CW, VC)

Answer 3

• Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
• Cell wall (rigid structure)
• Vacuole (stores water & nutrients)

Question 4

Plant cell

What are plastids, and what do they do?

(Hint: PTSTS, PGM, STRG)

Answer 4

Plastids are plant organelles.
* Photosynthesis (chloroplasts)
* Pigmentation (chromoplasts)
* Storage (leucoplasts)

Question 5

Rearch

What was one of the first advances in genetic research?

Or what was produce from a humane gene that was inserted in bacteria?

Answer 5

Human insulin.

Question 6

Reasearch

What are some major breakthroughs in genome sequencing?

Answer 6

• Human genome sequenced
• Hundreds of prokaryotic genomes sequenced
• First synthetic chromosome (2008)
• First synthetic cell (2010)

Question 7

Cells

What are the types of transport across the plasma membrane?

There is two types of transport.

(Hint: PT, AT)

Answer 7

Passive and active transport

Passive: no energy
Active: need energy

Question 8

Plant cell

What are the key components of a plant cell?

(NCLS, SMER, RGER, CYSTK, MTCH, GLGAP, PLSMBR, RBS, CHLPST, VCL, PL)

Answer 8

• Nucleus - controls the cell, contains DNA
• Smooth ER - synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances
• Rough ER - has ribosomes, helps in protein synthesis
• Cytoskeleton - provides structural support and shape
• Mitochondria - makes energy (ATP)
• Golgi Apparatus - modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
• Plasma Membrane - regulates what enters and exits the cell
• Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
• Chloroplast - has chlorophyll, carries out* photosynthesis*
• Cell Wall - gives the cell structure, support, and protection
• Vacuole - stores water, nutrients, and waste; maintains cell pressure
• Plastids - has chloroplasts (photosynthesis), chromoplasts (color pigments), and leucoplasts (storage)