Bonds Flashcards
Bonds,
Organic Molecule
(Hint: what does it contain? where is it found?)
A molecule that contains carbon and is found in living organisms.
Compounds
Molecule composing of different elements
Chemical bonds
Forces attracted to atoms to form molecules and compounds
Intra-molecular
Atoms that interact in the same molecule (trapped)
Example: H2O
Inter-molecules
Atoms that interact with different molecules (not trapped)
The three chemical bonds
(Hint: CVLT, INC, HYDGN)
Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen
Covalent bonds (2)
(Hint: H2O)
How they are formed:
Interactions between two atoms that share electrons
Example: H2O (water)
Non-covalent bonds (2)
(Hint: Ionic + hydrogen)
Interactions between 2 atoms that do not share electrons
(ionic/hydrogen)
Non-polar covalent bonds
(Ex. H2) (=)
Equal sharing of two electrons between atoms
Example: H2 (Hydrogen)
Polar covalent bonds
(Ex. H ——- C1) (- —)
Unequal sharing of electrons in atoms
(Have different atom letters)
Example: H —— CI, H2O (Water)
Hydrogen atoms and oxygens are held by:
Covalent bonds
Ions
(Hint: What happens to the atoms?)
(+) (-)
When atoms gain/lose electrons when they become negatively/positively charged.
Anions
(gain)
Negative charged electrons (-) (gain)
Cation
(lose)
Positively charged electrons (+) (lose)
Ionic bonds
How are they formed?
Atoms attracted to opposite charged ions
Hydrogen bonds
How are they formed?
Interaction between highly electronegative atoms (F,O,N) and a hydrogen atom
Example: Has to have hydrogen (H2O)
Electronegative
Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
Water’s emergent properties (hydrogen bonding)
- Cohesion/adhesion and surface tension
- Low density of solid ice to liquid water
- Specific heat and heat of vaporization (
- Universal solvent
Surface tension
Measure of the surface of water
(Example: floating, sinking)
