the cell surface membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

what cells have cell surface membranes?

A

all

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2
Q

what are the 3 main roles of cell surface membranes?

A
  1. separates the internal cell environment from the external environment
  2. forms compartments in cells
  3. control the exchange of materials
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3
Q

are membranes partially or fully permeable?

A

partially

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4
Q

what is the name of the model used to show the structure of a membrane?

A

the fluid mosaic model

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5
Q

why is it called the fluid mosaic model?

A

fluid because phospholipids and proteins can move around, mosaic as the proteins produce a scattered pattern

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6
Q

how many contents does the membrane have?

A

4

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7
Q

what are the 4 contents of the membrane?

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. cholesterol
  3. glycoproteins and glycolipids
  4. transport proteins
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8
Q

what are phospholipids?

A

the basic structure of a membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

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9
Q

describe the structure of a phospholipid

A

the head faces externally and is hydrophilic whereas the tail faces internally and is hydrophobic

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10
Q

what is the role of cholesterol in the membrane?

A

increases fluidity

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11
Q

how does cholesterol increase fluidity?

A

at low temperatures it stops the phospholipids from packing together too closely

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12
Q

what are glycoproteins and glycolipids?

A

lipids and proteins attached to carbohydrates

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13
Q

what is the role of a glycoprotein?

A

to signal/communicate

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14
Q

give an example of a glycoprotein

A

a receptor for insulin

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15
Q

what is the role of a glycolipid?

A

maintain cell stability

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16
Q

give and example of a glycolipid

A

an antigen

17
Q

what substances cannot pass through membranes?

A

polar molecules, large molecules or ions

18
Q

how do polar molecules or ions pass through membranes?

A

using transport proteins

19
Q

give the 2 names of the transport proteins

A

channel and carrier

20
Q

how do channel proteins work?

A

act as a passageway

21
Q

how do carrier proteins work?

A

change shape to fit a specific substance to transport it