The Cell: Parts and its Function prt. II

Question 1

control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.

Answer 1

pores

Question 2

only visible and distinguishable from one another when the cell is getting ready to divide

Answer 2

Chromosomes

Question 3

a series of interconnected membranous tubules that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

Answer 3

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 4

two functions are performed in separate areas of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

the ribosomes attached to its cytoplasmic surface give it a studded appearance when viewed through an electron microscope

Answer 5

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 6

True or False

The ribosomes synthesize proteins while attached to the ER, resulting in the transfer of their newly produced proteins into the lumen of the RER where they undergo modifications such as folding or addition of sugars

Answer 6

false

Question 7

True or False

The ribosomes synthesize proteins while attached to the ER, resulting in the transfer of their newly synthesized proteins into the lumen of the RER where they undergo modifications such as folding or addition of sugars

Answer 7

true

Question 8

RER or SER

makes phospholipids for cell membranes.

Answer 8

RER

Question 9

continuous with the RER but has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface

Answer 9

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 10

SER’s functions include

Answer 10

synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids (including phospholipids), and steroid hormones;

detoxification of medications and poisons;
alcohol metabolism; and
storage of calcium ions.

Question 11

where sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins take place

Answer 11

Golgi Apparatus (also called the Golgi body)

Question 12

Golgi Apparatus also known as

Answer 12

Golgi body

Question 13

a series of flattened membranous sacs.

Answer 13

Golgi Apparatus

Question 14

has a receiving face near the endoplasmic reticulum and a releasing face on the side away from the ER, toward the cell membrane

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

the transport vesicles that form from the ER travel to the receiving face, fuse with it and empty their contents into the lumen of…

Answer 15

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

true or false

As the proteins and lipids travel through the Golgi, they undergo further modifications.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

true or false

As the minerals travel through the Golgi, they undergo further modifications.

Answer 17

false

Question 18

the cell’s “garbage disposal.

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles

Answer 19

Digestive enzymes within the lysosomes

Question 19

aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles

Answer 19

Digestive enzymes within the lysosomes

Question 20

lysosomes are important for digestion of the food they ingest and the recycling of organelles in what cell

Answer 20

single-celled eukaryotes

Question 21

membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport

Answer 21

Vesicles and Vacuoles

Question 22

Vesicles or Vacuoles

somewhat larger than vesicles

Answer 22

Vacuoles

Question 23

Vesicles or Vacuoles

the membrane does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components

Answer 23

Vacuoles

Question 24

Vesicles or Vacuoles can fuse with other membranes within the cell system

Answer 24

Vesicles

Question 25

enzymes within what vacuoles can break down macromolecules

Answer 25

plant vacuoles

Question 26

the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

appear as either clusters or single tiny dots floating freely in the cytoplasm

Answer 27

Ribosomes

Question 28

may be attached to either the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 28

Ribosomes

Question 29

what has shown that ribosomes consist of large and small subunits

Answer 29

Electron microscopy

Question 30

... are enzyme complexes that are responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 30

Ribosomes

Question 31

true or false ribosomes are found in practically every cell

Answer 31

true

Question 32

true or false Because protein synthesis is essential for all cells, ribosomes are found in practically every cell, although they are smaller in prokaryotic cells

Answer 32

true

Question 33

true or false They are particularly abundant in immature red blood cells for the synthesis of hemoglobin, which functions in the transport of oxygen throughout the body

Answer 33

true

Question 34

often called the “powerhouses” or “energy factories” of a cell

Answer 34

Mitochondria

Question 35

responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

singular form of mitochondria

Answer 36

mitochondrion

Question 37

the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

Answer 37

Mitochondria

Question 38

what is the formation of ATP

Answer 38

the breakdown of glucose

Question 39

breakdown of glucose is known as

Answer 39

cellular respiration

Question 40

oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles that have their own ribosomes and DNA

Answer 40

Mitochondria

Question 41

The inner layer of the phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondria has folds called

Answer 41

cristae

Question 42

increase the surface area of the inner membrane

Answer 42

cristae

Question 43

area surrounded by the folds is called the

Answer 43

mitochondrial matrix

Question 44

animal cells vs. plant cells have centrioles, centrosomes, and lysosomes

Answer 44

Animal cells

Question 45

animal cells vs. plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole,

Answer 45

plant cells

Question 46

plant cells have

Answer 46

a cell wall chloroplasts plasmodesmata plastids used for storage and a large central vacuole

Question 47

Animal cells have

Answer 47

centrioles centrosomes and lysosomes

Question 48

a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell.

Answer 48

Cell Wall

Question 49

the chief component of prokaryotic cell walls is

Answer 49

peptidoglycan

Question 50

the major organic molecule in the plant cell wall is

Answer 50

cellulose

Question 51

a polysaccharide made up of long, straight chains of glucose units

Answer 51

cellulose

Question 52

nutritional information refers to dietary fiber, it is referring to

Answer 52

the cellulose content of food

Question 53

also have their own DNA and ribosomes

Answer 53

chloroplasts

Question 54

function in photosynthesis and can be found in eukaryotic cells such as plants and algae

Answer 54

Chloroplasts

Question 55

carbon dioxide, water, and light energy are used to make glucose and oxygen

Answer 55

photosynthesis

Question 56

plants or animals able to make their own food, like glucose

Answer 56

plants (autotrophs)

Question 57

plants are also called

Answer 57

autotrophs

Question 58

plants or animals must rely on other organisms for their organic compounds or food source

Answer 58

animals (heterotrophs)

Question 59

animals are also called

Answer 59

heterotrophs

Question 60

The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called

Answer 60

chlorophyll

Question 61

captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis

Answer 61

chlorophyll

Question 62

true or false photosynthetic protists also have chloroplasts

Answer 62

true

Question 63

true or false Some bacteria also perform photosynthesis, but they do not have chloroplasts

Answer 63

true

Question 64

where are photosynthetic pigments are located

Answer 64

thylakoid membrane within the cell itself.