Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gen Bio Prelims > The Cell: Parts and its Function prt. II > Flashcards

The Cell: Parts and its Function prt. II Flashcards

1
Q

control the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm.

A

pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

only visible and distinguishable from one another when the cell is getting ready to divide

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a series of interconnected membranous tubules that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two functions are performed in separate areas of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the ribosomes attached to its cytoplasmic surface give it a studded appearance when viewed through an electron microscope

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False

The ribosomes synthesize proteins while attached to the ER, resulting in the transfer of their newly produced proteins into the lumen of the RER where they undergo modifications such as folding or addition of sugars

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False

The ribosomes synthesize proteins while attached to the ER, resulting in the transfer of their newly synthesized proteins into the lumen of the RER where they undergo modifications such as folding or addition of sugars

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RER or SER

makes phospholipids for cell membranes.

A

RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

continuous with the RER but has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SER’s functions include

A

synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids (including phospholipids), and steroid hormones;

detoxification of medications and poisons;
alcohol metabolism; and
storage of calcium ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins take place

A

Golgi Apparatus (also called the Golgi body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Golgi Apparatus also known as

A

Golgi body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a series of flattened membranous sacs.

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

has a receiving face near the endoplasmic reticulum and a releasing face on the side away from the ER, toward the cell membrane

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the transport vesicles that form from the ER travel to the receiving face, fuse with it and empty their contents into the lumen of…

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

true or false

As the proteins and lipids travel through the Golgi, they undergo further modifications.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

true or false

As the minerals travel through the Golgi, they undergo further modifications.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the cell’s “garbage disposal.

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles

A

Digestive enzymes within the lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles

A

Digestive enzymes within the lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lysosomes are important for digestion of the food they ingest and the recycling of organelles in what cell

A

single-celled eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport

A

Vesicles and Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vesicles or Vacuoles

somewhat larger than vesicles

A

Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vesicles or Vacuoles

the membrane does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components

A

Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vesicles or Vacuoles

can fuse with other membranes within the cell system

A

Vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

enzymes within what vacuoles can break down macromolecules

A

plant vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

27
Q

appear as either clusters or single tiny dots floating freely in the cytoplasm

A

Ribosomes

28
Q

may be attached to either the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

what has shown that ribosomes consist of large and small subunits

A

Electron microscopy

30
Q

… are enzyme complexes that are responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

true or false

ribosomes are found in practically every cell

A

true

32
Q

true or false

Because protein synthesis is essential for all cells, ribosomes are found in practically every cell, although they are smaller in prokaryotic cells

A

true

33
Q

true or false

They are particularly abundant in immature red blood cells for the synthesis of hemoglobin, which functions in the transport of oxygen throughout the body

A

true

34
Q

often called the “powerhouses” or “energy factories” of a cell

A

Mitochondria

35
Q

responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

Mitochondria

36
Q

singular form of mitochondria

A

mitochondrion

37
Q

the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

A

Mitochondria

38
Q

what is the formation of ATP

A

the breakdown of glucose

39
Q

breakdown of glucose is known as

A

cellular respiration

40
Q

oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles that have their own ribosomes and DNA

A

Mitochondria

41
Q

The inner layer of the phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondria has folds called

A

cristae

42
Q

increase the surface area of the inner membrane

A

cristae

43
Q

area surrounded by the folds is called the

A

mitochondrial matrix

44
Q

animal cells vs. plant cells

have centrioles, centrosomes, and lysosomes

A

Animal cells

45
Q

animal cells vs. plant cells

have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole,

A

plant cells

46
Q

plant cells have

A

a cell wall
chloroplasts
plasmodesmata
plastids used for storage
and a large central vacuole

47
Q

Animal cells have

A

centrioles
centrosomes
and lysosomes

48
Q

a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell.

A

Cell Wall

49
Q

the chief component of prokaryotic cell walls is

A

peptidoglycan

50
Q

the major organic molecule in the plant cell wall is

A

cellulose

51
Q

a polysaccharide made up of long, straight chains of glucose units

A

cellulose

52
Q

nutritional information refers to dietary fiber, it is referring to

A

the cellulose content of food

53
Q

also have their own DNA and ribosomes

A

chloroplasts

54
Q

function in photosynthesis and can be found in eukaryotic cells such as plants and algae

A

Chloroplasts

55
Q

carbon dioxide, water, and light energy are used to make glucose and oxygen

A

photosynthesis

56
Q

plants or animals

able to make their own food, like glucose

A

plants (autotrophs)

57
Q

plants are also called

A

autotrophs

58
Q

plants or animals

must rely on other organisms for their organic compounds or food source

A

animals (heterotrophs)

59
Q

animals are also called

A

heterotrophs

60
Q

The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called

A

chlorophyll

61
Q

captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis

A

chlorophyll

62
Q

true or false

photosynthetic protists also have chloroplasts

A

true

63
Q

true or false

Some bacteria also perform photosynthesis, but they do not have chloroplasts

A

true

64
Q

where are photosynthetic pigments are located

A

thylakoid membrane within the cell itself.

Gen Bio Prelims (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions