The Cell Cycle (mitosis) Cancer and Tumours Flashcards
The Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle: The cell cycle is the series of events involved in cell growth and cell division. It involves mitosis (a type of cell division), which allows for the growth, repair and asexual reproduction of cells.
Interphase
This is the initial growth phase. Extra ribosomes, mitochondria and other sub-cellular structures are produced. The cell’s chromosomes (which are made of DNA) are replicated (copied) so that there are two sets of the cell’s chromosomes.
Mitosis
The two sets of chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Then, the nucleus divides into two.
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to create two identical diploid (with two sets of chromosomes) cells.
Mitosis is a process that produces
two identical diploid cells.
During mitosis: Prophase
Chromosomes condense (coil-up tightly).
Metaphase
Chromosomes line-up along the middle of the cell.
Anaphase
The two sets of chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase
The nucleus splits and two new nuclei (plural of nucleus) form.
Identical daughter cells
Mitosis ensures that both daughter cells have the same chromosomes as each other and the parent cell.
This is important for processes that require identical cells to be produced.
For example, the growth and repair of tissues and asexual reproduction.
Mitosis
During mitosis the two sets of
chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. Then, the nucleus divides into two.
Tumour Types
Cancer is a group of diseases, where changes in cells lead to uncontrolled growth and division of cells. The tumours that result from cancer (uncontrolled division of cells) are either malignant or benign (harmless).
Malignant tumours
Malignant tumours can invade neighbouring tissues and spread throughout the body in the blood, leading to the creation of more secondary tumours.
Benign tumours
Benign tumours stay in a specific part of the body, often within a membrane.
Which types of cancer have the following characteristics?i
Malignant: Spread throughout the body in the blood, leading to the creation of more secondary tumours.
Benign: Stay in a specific part of the body, often within a membrane.
Cancer is a group of diseases
where changes in cells lead to uncontrolled growth and division of cells.
the stages of growth happen in three different regions: Zone of elongation
This zone is further up the root, next to the zone of cell division.
Here, the new cells grow in size.
