The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
What phase is the cell in?
Anaphase
Fourth Part of the Cycle
What phase is this cell in?
Cytokinesis
What phase is this cell in?
Interphase
What phase is this cell in?
Metaphase
What phase is this cell in?
Prophase
What phase is this cell in?
Telophase
What is cell theory?
Cell Theory: All organisms consist of cells and arise from preexisting cells. This Requires that cells divide.
Describe Mitosis
•Mitosis—new daughter cells are generated.
Produces identical cells
DNA is doubled during the process, and then divided to an identical amount in the two cells.
For growth and replacement
Describe Meiosis
•Meiosis—gametes are generated for sexual reproduction.
Produces cells that are partially different genetically.
Net result is that the hereditary information reduced by one half.
For producing reproductive cells (gametes).
What is prokaryotic cell cycle is called _______
Binary fission
What is this a diagram of?
Prokaryotic (Bacterial) cell cycle
•single circular chromosome •replication of circular DNA •cell membrane and wall grow •cell wall and membrane fuse
Express the purpose of mitosis in eukaryotes.
•To increase the number of cells and to distribute the parent cell’s genetic material to daughter cells during cell division –Prior to mitosis each chromosome is copied •Doubles the DNA content –During mitosis, one copy is distributed to each of the two daughter cells. •DNA content per cell returns to that identical to parent cell
Replication is intiated at _____ along the length of eukaryotic chromosomes
DNA is copied in _____ direction(s) from ______ origin(s)
many points, both, multiple
Define chromatin
•chromatin –DNA with packaging proteins
Define histones
•histones –proteins that DNA wraps around for packaging
Define chromatid
•chromatid –one double stranded DNA molecule, with packaging protein (before replication)
Define sister chromatids
•sister chromatids –identical DNA double strands after replication
Define centromere
•centromere –region of a duplicated chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together
Define
homologous chromosomes
•homologous chromosomes –Each individual has two copies of each type of chromosome (n types, 2n total chromosomes)
How many chromosomes, DNA double helices, and chromatids are there in the unreplicated chromosome and replicated chromosome?
Unreplicated Chromosomes
Number of Chromosomes: 4
Number of DNA double helices: 4
Replicated Chromosomes
Number of Chromosomes: 4
Number of DNA double helices: 8
Each chromatid has 1 DNA double helix
Explain the parts of the “cell cycle” and express the two key events that occur during the cycle.
•The orderly sequence of events that occurs: –from the formation of a eukaryotic cell, –through the duplication of its chromosomes, –to the time it undergoes division •During the cycle, two key events are: –Replication of the DNA in chromosomes –Partitioning the copied chromosomes to the two daughter cells
Recognize and describe visual markers of cells in interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
IPMAT
Taxol is a drug that stabilizes spindle fibers and prevents them from shortening so that treated cells fail to complete mitosis. At which phase of mitosis are cells treated with taxol likely to stop?
a.interphase b. prophase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. telophase
C. Metaphase
Explain why taxol is an “anticancer” drug and the effects of cancer chemotherapy
•Because it stops cell division •It is a cell cycle specific drug •Cancer cells are relatively rapidly dividing
Which phase of the cell cycle is represented?
Metaphase
