The cell and microbiome Flashcards
What is a cell?
cells are the smallest unit of life
they help fuction everything in your body
they are the reason that we can carry out certain task and functions
organisms can be multicellular or unicellular
-the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. A cell has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm.
-A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes
What are the major parts of the cell
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Golgi apparatus
The golgi apparatus is a membrane bound organelle found in most cells. It is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles prior to secretion
Mitchondria
Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell. They help turn the energy we take from food into energy that the cell can use
Nucleus
The key function of the nucleus is to control cell growth and multiplication. This involves regulating gene expression, initiating cellular reproduction, and storing genetic material necessary for all of these tasks. In order for a nucleus to carry out important reproductive roles and other cell activities, it needs proteins and ribosomes.
Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane of a cell is a network of lipids and proteins that forms the boundary between a cell’s contents and the outside of the cell. It is also simply called the cell membrane. The main function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surrounding environment. It is semi-permeable and regulates the materials that enter and exit the cell. The cells of all living things have plasma membranes.
Ribosomes
A ribosome is an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Lysosomes peroxiosomes
These organelles are the recycling center of the cell. They digest foreign bacteria that invade the cell, rid the cell of toxic substances, and recycle worn-out cell components.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER
Rough ER
The rough ER, studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins.
Smooth ER is largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production. It also has a detoxification function.
Cytoplasm -
Image result for cytoplasm function
The cytoplasm is responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of long fibers that make up the cell’s structural framework. The cytoskeleton has several critical functions, including determining cell shape, participating in cell division, and allowing cells to move. It also provides a track-like system that directs the movement of organelles and other substances within cells
What are the types of cells
what is a red blood cell and its function
what is a white blood cell and its function
eurokaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
What makes up a cell?
A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.
Whats inside the cell?
The cells are filled with a jelly like fluid knon as cystol
the cystol is 90% water with various disolved ions, amino acids sugars and lipids
The entire cell ias bounded by a protective cell mermbrane this maintains the integratary of the cell
in order tpo carry out functions cells need to be able to obtain a supply of nutrients and water from their surrounding
They need to be able to expel waste products from their surroundings so there is requirement for ytransport of selecyed substances across the memberane.
Cell membrane
(semipermeable membrane.)
bimolecular sheet (two moleculesin thickness) surrounds the cell.* barrier restricting what can enterand what can leave* mostly made out of phospholipids,but also contains proteinsProteins Include:* Carriers for specific substances –ions, glucose etc.* Receptors – recognition moleculesfor hormones, neurotransmitters
They control what exits and enters the cell.
plasma
michondria
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Mitosis
Meisosi
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
Meiosis- A special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs during formation of egg and sperm cells in mammals.
Cellular energy
NECROSIS.
how do cells die
