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Bio 120 Organelle Functions > The Cell: An Overview > Flashcards

The Cell: An Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

Smallest unit with the capacity to live and reproduce, all include the four basic features of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

A

The cell

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2
Q

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA whose molecules consist of nucleotides linked together

A

Nucleic Acids

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3
Q

the large double stranded, helical molecule that contains genetic material of all living things.

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

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4
Q

A polymer Assembled from Repeating nucleotide monomers in which the five carbon sugar is ribose

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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5
Q

What makes up DNA?

A

Nitrogen base (connected at the 1’), phosphate group (5), and deoxyribose

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6
Q

Technique for producing visible images of objects that are too small to be seen by the human eye

A

Microscopy

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7
Q

Outer limit of the cytoplasm responsible for The regulation of substance is moving into and out of cells. Selectively permeable, made up of a bi-lipid layer and embedded proteins

A

Plasma membrane/cell membrane

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8
Q

A protein embedded in the cell membrane that forms a channel allowing selected polar molecules and ions to pass across the membrane

A

Transport proteins

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9
Q

A membrane with two molecular layers

A

Bilayer

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10
Q

Nonpolar substances that are excluded by water and other polar molecules

A

Hydrophobic

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11
Q

Polar substances that are attracted to water and other polar molecules

A

Hydrophilic

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12
Q

A unit containing the code for a protein molecule or one of its parts, or for functioning RNA molecules such as tRNA and rRNA

A

Gene

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13
Q

All parts of the cell that’s around the central nuclear or nucleoid region

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Intracellular movement of cytoplasm

A

Cytoplasmic streaming

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15
Q

Aqueous solution in the cytoplasm containing ions and various organic molecules

A

Cytosol

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16
Q

In eukaryotes a collection of interrelated internal membranous sacs that divide a cell into functional and structural compartments

A

Endomembrane system

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17
Q

The nucleus and other specialized internal structures and compartment of eucaryotic cells

A

Organelles

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18
Q

The interconnected system of protein fibres and tubes that extend from the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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19
Q

Lacks a membrane bound nucleus

A

Prokaryote

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20
Q

Chain with more than 10 length monosaccharide subunits

A

Polysaccharide

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21
Q

A carbohydrate Coat covering the cell surface

A

Glycocalyx

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22
Q

A coat typically composed of polysaccharides that is loosely associated with bacterial cells

A

Slime layer

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23
Q

External layer polysaccharides around the cell wall in many prokaryotes

A

Capsule

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24
Q

a long thread like cellular appendage responsible for movement found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Flagella

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25
Q

I hair or hair like appendage on the surface of a prokaryote

A

Pili

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26
Q

Hairlike organelles used for movement and sensing

A

Cilia

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27
Q

Plastic containing red and yellow pigment happens in plants to attract animals for pollination

A

Chromoplast

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28
Q

Large water filled organelle in plants cells and maintains turgor pressure of cell and controls of molecule movement

A

Central vacuole

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29
Q

Cytoplasmic organelles the palms fluid from inside the cell to various points at the surface

A

Contractile vacuole

30
Q

How to give support in shape to the cell (only eucaryotic cells)

A

Microtubules

31
Q

How contract muscles in animals, assists separating of cytoplasm when a cell divides

A

Microfilaments

32
Q

Organelle found in eukaryote cells, distributes proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

33
Q

Membrane bound vesicle containing enzymes for the digestion of complex molecules

A

Lysosome

34
Q

Plastid found in plant cells, store oil, starch, or protein

A

Leucoplast

35
Q

A ribonucleoprotein particle that carries out protein synthesis by translating mRNA into chains of amino acids

A

Ribosomes

36
Q

In eukaryotes, responsible for synthesizing, transporting, and initial modification of protein and lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

What are the current seven characteristics of living things

A

Order/Organization, utilize energy, reproduce, respond to stimuli, exhibit homeostasis, growth and development, and evolve

38
Q

Member in separating nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

39
Q

Central region of a prokaryote with no boundary membrane separating it from the cytoplasm, where DNA replication and RNA transcription occurs

A

Nucleoid

40
Q

Small dense spherical structure surrounding the nucleus of a cell undergoing interphase. Where genes are coded for the rRNA molecules of ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

41
Q

A molecule that contains both an amino and a carboxyl group

A

Amino acid

42
Q

Energy for the body

A

Adenosine triphosphate

43
Q

Cylindrical structure consisting of nine triplets of microtubules in the centtrosome of most most animal cells

A

Centriole

44
Q

What are the three components of Cell theory

A

A cell is the most basic unit or fundamental working unit of life

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

All cells come from existing cells

45
Q

Why are most cells small

A

The surface area to volume ratio. The volume of the cell would increase more rapidly than the surface area, limiting the exchange of substances between the cell and the environment

46
Q

What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?

A

The outer limit of the cytoplasm, a bilayer made of lipids with embedded protein molecules. Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cells content from the surrounding environment and regulates passage of substances into and out of the cell

47
Q

what is the Basic structure of a ribosome?

A

Consists of a large subunit and a small subunit (left to right labelled, E, P, A). Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than bacteria or Archaea ribosomes.

48
Q

Large cylindrical structures formed of many types of proteins

A

Nucleoporins

49
Q

Made up of many nucleoporins

A

Nuclear pore complexes

50
Q

What is the difference of the rough ER and smooth ER and what is the function of both?

A

Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids for the cell membrane. Contains enzymes that convert drugs, poisons, and toxic into tolerated & easily removed substances

Rough ER: Modification of proteins, such as addition of carbohydrate groups to produce glycoproteins which occur in the lumen. The proteins are delivered in small Vesicles that join other organelles. Most of these go to the Golgi complex which packages and source them for delivery to their final destination

51
Q

Consists of a stack of flattened, membranous sacs known as cisternae. Has three functions, glycosylation, protein sorting, and secretion

A

Golgi Complex (Golgi body, or Golgi apparatus)

52
Q

Only in animal cells, membrane Found vesicles that contain more than 30 enzymes for the digestion of many complex molecules. Formed by burning from the Golgi complex

A

Lysosomes

53
Q

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

54
Q

What is responsible for the synthesis of most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondria

55
Q

(Plant cells only) A channel through the cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back-and-forth as needed.

A

Plasmodesmata

56
Q

Usually lens or disc shaped and are surrounded by smooth outer boundary membrane and an inner boundary. (Hint- there are three of them)

A

Plastids:

Chloroplast
Chromoplast
Leucoplast

57
Q

Site of photosynthesis in plants.

A

Choloroplasts

58
Q

Third membrane system that consists of flattened close to Sacs. The site of light reaction

A

Thylakoid

59
Q

What are the components of the endomembrane system?

A

Plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex

60
Q

What do Motor proteins do?

A

Motor proteins “walk” chromosomes to either side of chromosome during anaphase

61
Q

A polysaccharide that contains nitrogen and is present in the cell wall of fungi and exoskeletons of Arthropods

A

Chitin

62
Q

A combination of protein and DNA, found in the nucleus

A

Chromatin

63
Q

A cell surface protein responsible for selectively binding cells together

A

Cell adhesion molecules

64
Q

An organism and its Early stage of reproductive development, beginning in the first moments after fertilization

A

Embryo

65
Q

In a compartment of a chloroplast, enclosed by two boundary membranes and containing a third membrane system.

A

Stroma

66
Q

Thylakoids stacked on top of each other

A

Grana

67
Q

Membranous channels and vesicles that make up the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Cisternae

68
Q

Inner most compartment of the mitochondria

A

Mitochondrial matrix

69
Q

Junction that “welds” adjacent cells together

A

Anchoring junctions

70
Q

Region of a tight connection between membranes adjacent cells, Seals the space between inner organs

A

Tight junctions

71
Q

A Junction that opens direct channels allowing ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another

A

Gap junctions

Bio 120 Organelle Functions (4 decks)

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