The cell

Question 1

ER

Answer 1

A network of membranous sacs and tubes. Active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes

Question 2

Central vacuole

Answer 2

Functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of the vacuole is a major mechanism for plant growth.

Question 3

Functions of the smooth ER

Answer 3

-Synthesis of lipids
-Metabolism of carbohydrates
-Detoxification of drugs and poisons
-Storage of calcium ions

Question 4

Glycoproteins

Answer 4

Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

Question 5

Functions of the Rough ER

Answer 5

-Produce secretory proteins
-the membrane factory of the cell

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

A membranous sac of hydro lyric enzymes that eukaryotic cells use to digest macromolecules

Question 7

Functions of the lysosome

Answer 7

-carry out intercellular digestion
-use hydro lyric enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organic material

Question 8

What are central vacuoles

Answer 8

Large vacuoles in mature plants that form from the coalescence of smaller vacuoles. The solution inside is called cell sap, this is the main repository of inorganic ions. They play a major role in the growth of plant cells as they absorb water to enlarge the cell

Question 9

Describe microtubules

Answer 9

Hollow tubes made of Tubulin, their functions are in maintaining cell shape, grown from centrosome and act as compression resisting grinders, they are involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division, act as tracks along which organelles equipped with motor proteins can move. Cell motility in collie and flaggella

Question 10

Describe microfilaments

Answer 10

Two intertwined strands of actin which have the structural role of bearing tension. A 3D network formed by them in the plasma membrane helps support the cells shape. They interact with myosin to cause the contraction of muscles. In plant cells these interactions contribute to cytoplasmic streaming

Question 11

Cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 11

A circular flow of cytoplasm within cells which speeds the distribution of materials within cells

Question 12

What are Stem cells

Answer 12

Relatively unspecialised cells that can reproduce indefinitely and under certain conditions, differentiate into one or more specialised cell types