The Cell Flashcards
(39 cards)
he used the microscope to examine cork (plant)
Robert Hooke
he discovered the nucleus in 1883
Robert brown
He said all plants are composed of cells
matthias schleiden
he discovered that animalsare made up of cells
theodor schwann
he observed under microscope that cells are dividing. He concluded that cells come from other pre existing cell. his theory now debunked the spontaneous generation theory
Rudolf virchow
Prokaryotes
- DNA not enclosed within a membrane
- DNA is usually a singular circularly chromosome
- DNA not associated with histones
- Lack membrane
- Cell wall contains polysaccharide peptidoglycan
- Binary fission
- anaerobic and aerobic
Eukaryotes
- DNA is in nucleus
- DNA found in multiple chromosomes
- Histones with DNA
- Membrane bound organelles
- Cell walls chemically simple
- Mitosis
- aerobic
Plant cell
- larger than animal cell
- plasma membrane made of cellulose
- plastids are present
- Vacuoles
- have simpler Golgi
- they lack centrosomes and centrioles
Animal cell
- small
- cell wall absent
- no plastids except for protozoan Euglena
- complex Golgi
- have centrioles and centrosome
2 types of cell
- Autosome or Somatic cell- body cells
2. Germ cells or Sex cells- sperm cells, egg cells
linear strands of chromatin material that contains gene
Chromosome
carriers of hereditary traits
gene
physical or nonphysical traits inherited/ passed on
traits
Dominant trait
when trait is present in every situation
Recessive trait
when trait may skip a generation and only to reappear in future generation
- ovoid, oval
- master control of the cell
- it regulates, controls and modifies all the metabolic activities of the cell
nucleus
Cell membrane function
a. protection
b. limits the territorial boundaries of the cell
c. gives the cell a definite shape and size
d. semi permeable
mitochondria
- powerhouse of the cell
- generates ATP from CHO, CHON and fats
a network of tubes, tubules, microtubules which act as a circulatory and excretory systems, it is where substances pass through
Endoplasmic reticulum
transport cell products other than proteins
smooth/agranular er
transport proteins coming from ribosomes
rough/granular er
act as a temporary storage DEPOT of cellular products
golgi apparatus
masses made up of RNA
- attached to rough er
- protein synthesis
Ribosomes
contain very potent or hydrolytic enzymeswhich are responsible for digesting food in the cell
lysosomes