The Cell Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

he used the microscope to examine cork (plant)

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

he discovered the nucleus in 1883

A

Robert brown

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3
Q

He said all plants are composed of cells

A

matthias schleiden

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4
Q

he discovered that animalsare made up of cells

A

theodor schwann

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5
Q

he observed under microscope that cells are dividing. He concluded that cells come from other pre existing cell. his theory now debunked the spontaneous generation theory

A

Rudolf virchow

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6
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  1. DNA not enclosed within a membrane
  2. DNA is usually a singular circularly chromosome
  3. DNA not associated with histones
  4. Lack membrane
  5. Cell wall contains polysaccharide peptidoglycan
  6. Binary fission
  7. anaerobic and aerobic
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7
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  1. DNA is in nucleus
  2. DNA found in multiple chromosomes
  3. Histones with DNA
  4. Membrane bound organelles
  5. Cell walls chemically simple
  6. Mitosis
  7. aerobic
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8
Q

Plant cell

A
  1. larger than animal cell
  2. plasma membrane made of cellulose
  3. plastids are present
  4. Vacuoles
  5. have simpler Golgi
  6. they lack centrosomes and centrioles
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9
Q

Animal cell

A
  1. small
  2. cell wall absent
  3. no plastids except for protozoan Euglena
  4. complex Golgi
  5. have centrioles and centrosome
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10
Q

2 types of cell

A
  1. Autosome or Somatic cell- body cells

2. Germ cells or Sex cells- sperm cells, egg cells

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11
Q

linear strands of chromatin material that contains gene

A

Chromosome

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12
Q

carriers of hereditary traits

A

gene

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13
Q

physical or nonphysical traits inherited/ passed on

A

traits

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14
Q

Dominant trait

A

when trait is present in every situation

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15
Q

Recessive trait

A

when trait may skip a generation and only to reappear in future generation

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16
Q
  • ovoid, oval
  • master control of the cell
  • it regulates, controls and modifies all the metabolic activities of the cell
17
Q

Cell membrane function

A

a. protection
b. limits the territorial boundaries of the cell
c. gives the cell a definite shape and size
d. semi permeable

18
Q

mitochondria

A
  • powerhouse of the cell

- generates ATP from CHO, CHON and fats

19
Q

a network of tubes, tubules, microtubules which act as a circulatory and excretory systems, it is where substances pass through

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

transport cell products other than proteins

A

smooth/agranular er

21
Q

transport proteins coming from ribosomes

A

rough/granular er

22
Q

act as a temporary storage DEPOT of cellular products

A

golgi apparatus

23
Q

masses made up of RNA

  • attached to rough er
  • protein synthesis
24
Q

contain very potent or hydrolytic enzymeswhich are responsible for digesting food in the cell

25
space occupied by water or fluid - temporary dumping site of cell - storage of food- CHO, fats
vacuole
26
- small rounded chromatin bodies attached to the nuclear envelope - cell division
centrosome
27
Components of the cytoplasm
water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, electrolytes
28
water content of the cytoplasm determines the size and shape of cell
water Isotonic: 0.9%, no effect on the cell Hypotonic: <0.9% NaCl hemolysis Hypertonic: >0.9% NaCl, crenation (shrinkage of cells)
29
glycogen undergo
glycogenolysis- to give glucose to produce ATP
30
stored in the form of _______________ in adipose tissue
triglyceride fats provide elasticity to the cell
31
give strength to cell. Not stored in the same manner as CHO and fats
proteins
32
charged particles
electrolytes main intra: K+ main extra: Na- main intra: (PO4)-3 main extra: Cl-
33
Cell organelle: nucleus
nucleic acids, proteins, lipids Function: manufacture nucleic acid
34
Cell organelle: nucleioli
RNA, proteins Function; manufacture of RNA and proteins
35
Cell organelle: ribosomes
RNA, proteins Function: manufacture of proteins
36
Lysosome
protein Function: defense
37
Cell organelle: membrane
lipids, proteins, carbohydrates Function: regulatory
38
Cell organelle: golgi apparatus
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids Function: packing, transport, CHO synthesis
39
Cell organelle: mitochondria
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, coenzyme Function: oxidation reaction, electron transport