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Biochemistry > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

he used the microscope to examine cork (plant)

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

he discovered the nucleus in 1883

A

Robert brown

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3
Q

He said all plants are composed of cells

A

matthias schleiden

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4
Q

he discovered that animalsare made up of cells

A

theodor schwann

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5
Q

he observed under microscope that cells are dividing. He concluded that cells come from other pre existing cell. his theory now debunked the spontaneous generation theory

A

Rudolf virchow

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6
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  1. DNA not enclosed within a membrane
  2. DNA is usually a singular circularly chromosome
  3. DNA not associated with histones
  4. Lack membrane
  5. Cell wall contains polysaccharide peptidoglycan
  6. Binary fission
  7. anaerobic and aerobic
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7
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  1. DNA is in nucleus
  2. DNA found in multiple chromosomes
  3. Histones with DNA
  4. Membrane bound organelles
  5. Cell walls chemically simple
  6. Mitosis
  7. aerobic
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8
Q

Plant cell

A
  1. larger than animal cell
  2. plasma membrane made of cellulose
  3. plastids are present
  4. Vacuoles
  5. have simpler Golgi
  6. they lack centrosomes and centrioles
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9
Q

Animal cell

A
  1. small
  2. cell wall absent
  3. no plastids except for protozoan Euglena
  4. complex Golgi
  5. have centrioles and centrosome
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10
Q

2 types of cell

A
  1. Autosome or Somatic cell- body cells

2. Germ cells or Sex cells- sperm cells, egg cells

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11
Q

linear strands of chromatin material that contains gene

A

Chromosome

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12
Q

carriers of hereditary traits

A

gene

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13
Q

physical or nonphysical traits inherited/ passed on

A

traits

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14
Q

Dominant trait

A

when trait is present in every situation

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15
Q

Recessive trait

A

when trait may skip a generation and only to reappear in future generation

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16
Q
  • ovoid, oval
  • master control of the cell
  • it regulates, controls and modifies all the metabolic activities of the cell
A

nucleus

17
Q

Cell membrane function

A

a. protection
b. limits the territorial boundaries of the cell
c. gives the cell a definite shape and size
d. semi permeable

18
Q

mitochondria

A
  • powerhouse of the cell

- generates ATP from CHO, CHON and fats

19
Q

a network of tubes, tubules, microtubules which act as a circulatory and excretory systems, it is where substances pass through

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

transport cell products other than proteins

A

smooth/agranular er

21
Q

transport proteins coming from ribosomes

A

rough/granular er

22
Q

act as a temporary storage DEPOT of cellular products

A

golgi apparatus

23
Q

masses made up of RNA

  • attached to rough er
  • protein synthesis
A

Ribosomes

24
Q

contain very potent or hydrolytic enzymeswhich are responsible for digesting food in the cell

A

lysosomes

25
Q

space occupied by water or fluid

  • temporary dumping site of cell
  • storage of food- CHO, fats
A

vacuole

26
Q
  • small rounded chromatin bodies attached to the nuclear envelope
  • cell division
A

centrosome

27
Q

Components of the cytoplasm

A

water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, electrolytes

28
Q

water content of the cytoplasm determines the size and shape of cell

A

water

Isotonic: 0.9%, no effect on the cell
Hypotonic: <0.9% NaCl hemolysis
Hypertonic: >0.9% NaCl, crenation (shrinkage of cells)

29
Q

glycogen undergo

A

glycogenolysis- to give glucose to produce ATP

30
Q

stored in the form of _______________ in adipose tissue

A

triglyceride

fats provide elasticity to the cell

31
Q

give strength to cell. Not stored in the same manner as CHO and fats

A

proteins

32
Q

charged particles

A

electrolytes

main intra: K+
main extra: Na-

main intra: (PO4)-3
main extra: Cl-

33
Q

Cell organelle: nucleus

A

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids

Function: manufacture nucleic acid

34
Q

Cell organelle: nucleioli

A

RNA, proteins

Function; manufacture of RNA and proteins

35
Q

Cell organelle: ribosomes

A

RNA, proteins

Function: manufacture of proteins

36
Q

Lysosome

A

protein

Function: defense

37
Q

Cell organelle: membrane

A

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Function: regulatory

38
Q

Cell organelle: golgi apparatus

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

Function: packing, transport, CHO synthesis

39
Q

Cell organelle: mitochondria

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, coenzyme

Function: oxidation reaction, electron transport

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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