Introduction to Biochemistry (M1) Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
it deals with the matter’s composition and properties: also considering the changes it undergoes through time as well as how the energy is utilized in the process, and the laws and principles governing this deviation.
What is General and Inorganic Chemistry?
It focuses on the understanding of elements in the periodic table, it gives an overview about chemistry too.
What is Organic chemistry?
the study of carbon containing compounds
Examples of Organic compounds
Hydrocarbons- methane Ester- ethyl formate Ether- diethyl ether Ketone- acetone Alcohol- Methyl alcohol Aldehyde- Formaldehyde Acid- Formic acid Amine- Methyl amine Amide- acetamide
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What is Biochemistry?
Bio means life: Chemistry refers to matter
so Biochemistry is the study of composition and properties of matter in a living organism.
What is molecular biochemistry?
It deals with the study of the macromolecules and their metabolic activities in the body:
This includes digestion, absorption, assimilation, utilization, integration, metabolic degradation, biotransformation, excretion.
What is Molecular Anatomy?
different biomolecules wich makes up the cells.
What is Molecular Physiology?
The functions and metabolic processes of biomolecules in the cell.
What is Digestion?
breaking down of the macromolecules from the food we eat.
Physical- mechanical breakdown (chewing/ oral mastication and stomach churning)
Chemical- further breakdown with the aid of enzymes.
What is Absorption?
The passage of end products (of digestion) in the small intestine.
What is Assimilation?
selective absorption– of nutrients like vitamins and minerals.
What is Utilization?
The cell’s utilization of the nutrients to enable human to live.
What is integration?
refers to the overlap of many functions of the systems of the human body, as well as its accompanied form.
(to combine) many functions to enable the system in the body to properly work.
What is Metabolic degradation?
conversion of a substance into an active metabolite.
Active metabolite (though it was already processed, it would continue to make an effect on the body). It is the active form of a drug. This is usually formed after anabolic/ catabolic reactions.
What is Biotransformation?
conversion of a substance to another for biosynthesis.
a type of metabolism
What is excretion?
the dispension/ elimination of waste products produced by their metabolisms.
What is Dissociation/ Ionization?
A process by which a polar compound (having + and -), is broken down in an aqueous solution. It requires the presence of water.
Example:
POLAR: NaCl= Na + Cl
NON POLAR: C12H22O11
What is Electrolytes?
substances whose water solutions conduct electricity.
Differentiate Strong and Weak Electrolytes to Non- Electrolytes
Strong electrolytes are completely ionized in water solutions whereas weak electrolytes are only partially ionized in water solution. Meanwhile, Non-Electrolytes are substances whose water solutions do not conduct electricity.
E.g.
SE- strong acids, strong base, salt solutions
WE- weak acids and bases
NE- organic compounds
Describe the ionization of SE vs. WE.
Ionization of SE: decomposition
Ionization of WE: exchange reactions
What is Irreversible reactions?
Chemical reactions that are completed: does not have the ability to transform back into– the reactants.
3 Evidences of Irreversible reactions
- Evolution of gas (formation of bubbles)
- A precipitate is fomed
- Work is one of the products
What is Reversible reactions?
This can only be achieved if there is equilibrium between the rate of the reactants and the rate of the products.
This process allows the product to be converted back into its reactant phase.
A preaction that does not go to completion.
What is Chemical Equilibrium?
state at which 2 opposing reactions proceed at the same rate.
