Acidosis and Alkalosis

Question 1

Normal blood pH

Answer 1

7.35- 7.45

Question 2

Factors affecting blood pH

Answer 2

1. Nature of diet

2. Vigorous exercise

Question 3

Nature of diet

Answer 3

a. Proteins, fats, ketogenic substances
* tend to acidify blood pH

b. Fruits and vegetables
* tends to alkalinize blood pH

Question 4

they acidify blood pH

Answer 4

SO4, PO4 and H+

Question 5

they alkalinize blood

Answer 5

Na, K, Mg, Ca, OH

Question 6

Vigorous exercise

Answer 6

• tends to acidify blood pH
• conversion of ATP to alcohol and lactic acid leading to muscular cramps

RESISTANCE TRAINING- lifting weights

Question 7

Acidosis

Answer 7

condition in which the body fluids & tissues is abnormally high

• due to a decrease in normal blood pH
• depression of CNS

Question 8

Gaseous acidosis

Answer 8

drowning, more than CO2 in the body

Question 9

Renal acidosis

Answer 9

excessive loss of bicarbonate or retention of sulfuric and phosphoric acid

Question 10

Patients with DM have a form of acidosis, what substances are usually lost in their urine?

Answer 10

Na, K and ketone bodies

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

occurs in when there is excessive loss of bases, such as bicarbonate (HCO3) or or sodium

CAUSES:

severe ketosis, DKA
Eclampsia
High lipid diet
Urinuria

Question 12

treatment for metabolic acidosis

Answer 12

• administration of sodium bicarbonate

* compensated through IV

Question 13

Respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation)

Answer 13

increased CO2= increase carbonic acid= increase dissociation of H ions

CAUSES:

• depression to respiration
• obstruction to respiration

Question 14

treatment for Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 14

*through suction of H2CO3 or through oxygen tanks

a. increase ammonia: product of metabolism
b. increase excretion of acids
c. increase excretion of H2CO3

Question 15

Alkalosis

Answer 15

a condition in which the alkalinity of body fluids and tissues is abnormally high.

CAUSES

vomitting– loss of acid and excessive bicarbonate

EXCITABILITY OF CNS

Question 16

what is metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 16

• excessive loss of potassium and cloride
• increas in blood HCO3

CAUSES

• overdosage of alkaline drugs
• excessive loss of HCl due to vomitting
• the use of diuretics: acetazolamides

Question 17

what is respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 17

produced by hyperventilation (salicylate poisoning or artificial respirator
*may produced symptoms of muscular weakness or cramps

CAUSES

• decrease H2CO3 due to hyperventilation
• breathing that is abnormally deep in relation to the physical exercise worked on

Question 18

treatment for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 18

a. decrease ammonia
b. decrease excretion of acids
c. decrease H2CO3

Question 19

in interpreting ABG results, remmeber

Answer 19

ROME: Respiratory- opposite, Metabolic- same

Question 20

Allen’s test

Answer 20

The Allen test isused to assess collateral blood flow to the hands, generally in preparation for a procedure that has the potential to disrupt blood flow in either the radial or the ulnar artery. These procedures include arterial puncture or cannulation and the harvest of the artery alone or as part of a forearm flap.

Question 21

normal arterial blood

Answer 21

ph: 7.40 (7.35-7.45)
Po2: 80-100mm Hg
PCO2: 35-45 mm Hg
HCo3: 22-26 mEq/ L
O2 sat: > or = 95%
Base excess: -2 to +2

Question 22

normal venous blood

Answer 22

ph: 7.36 (7.33-7.43)
Po2: 35-40 mm Hg
PCO2: 41-51 mm Hg
HCo3: 24-28 mEq/ L
O2 sat: 70% to 75%
Base excess: 0 to 4