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Review For Exam 2 > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

As a cell grows larger, the surface area: volume ratio
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same

A

Decreases

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2
Q

Can calcium (ca2+) pass freely through the membrane?

A

No

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3
Q

Is glucose polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

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4
Q

Can glucose pass freely through the membrane?

A

No

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5
Q

Can water pass freely the through the membrane?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Can gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide pass freely?

A

Yes

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7
Q

If a transport protein is used to move glucose using a concentration gradientit is called

A

Facilitated diffusion

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8
Q

If i put a red blood cell in a beaker with a very high salt concentration what would happen
A. The water would leave the cell, and the cell would shrink
B. The water would enter the cell and the cell would swell and eventually burst

A

A

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9
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A membrane bound compartment

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10
Q

All cells have a ______

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

Only _______ (Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic)cells have organelles

A

Eukaryotic

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells like archaea and bacteria don’t have a nucleus or organelles but they do have ________

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

DNA is found in the nucleus in _____ cells

A

Eukaryotic

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15
Q

The small size of cells is dictated by a physical relationship known as the ________

A

surface area to volume ratio

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16
Q

As a cell gets larger its surface area _______ much more slowly than its volume

A

increases

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17
Q

True of False: Surface area grows at an equal rate as the volume

A

False, surface area does not grow as fast as the volume

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18
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

Outer boundary of the cell that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

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19
Q

The cell membrane is ______

A

Semi permeable

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20
Q

What is the layer of the plasma membrane called?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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21
Q

What does the phospholipid bilayer do?

A

separates the extracellular fluid from the material inside the cell

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22
Q

______, ______, and carbohydrates are also part of the plasma membrane and give it the qualities of a fluid mosaic

A

Proteins, cholesterol

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23
Q

The plasma membrane has qualities that make it a _____

A

Fluid mosaic

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24
Q

the phospholipid bilayer has a ______ head and a _____ lipid portion

A

Polar, nonpolar

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25
Q

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

A
  1. ) maintain structural integrity
  2. ) regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell
  3. ) provide recognition between cells
  4. ) provide communication between cells
  5. ) stick cells together to form tissues and organs
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26
Q

The more cholesterol, the _____ it gets and it ____ movement making it less fluid

A

stickier, slows

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27
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A

maintains proper fluidity of membrane , meaning how free the components of the membrane move around within the membrane

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28
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Transport, support, communication, recognition

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29
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

chains of sugars attached to a protein

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30
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A

attachment cells, cell recognition

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31
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

Chains of sugars attached to a lipid

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32
Q

What is the function of a glycolipid?

A

attachment sites, cell recognition

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33
Q

What is the concentration gradient?

A

Difference between the concentration of a substance on each side of a membrane

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34
Q

Molecules will naturally go from an area of ____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration

A

high, low

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35
Q

If you add molecules to water it will ______ until it is equally distributed in the water

A

Dispense (diffuse)

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36
Q

A non polar molecule uses ____ to get through the membrane freely

A

diffusion

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37
Q

Polar molecules need _______ to cross the membrane

A

proteins

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38
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

freely crossing the membrane

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39
Q

_____ molecules use simple diffiusion to cross the plasma membrane

A

Nonpolar

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40
Q

Simple diffusion goes from an area of ____ concentration to ____ concentration

A

high, low

41
Q

Simple diffusion works with hydrophilic or hydrophobic molecules?

A

hydrophobic

42
Q

What types of molecules can use simple diffusion to cross the plasma membrane?

A

Hydrophobic molecules, lipids, gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide, very small and uncharged molecules (these small molecules can be polar like H2O)

43
Q

What cannot pass freely through the plasma membrane?

A

Hydrophilic molecules, polar molecules, molecules bigger/larger than water, ions and other charged compounds

44
Q

what is passive transport?

A

Does not require energy, uses concentration gradient going from high concentration to low conentration

45
Q

What is active transport?

A

requires energy, goes against the concentration gradient from moving from low concentration to high concentration

46
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Goes from high concentration to low concentration, gases use simple diffusion, small uncharged molecules use simple diffusion, hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules use simple diffusion

47
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Glucose moves through the lipid bilayer from high concentration to low concentration with aid from a carrier protein, still controlled y concentration gradient

48
Q

What requires facilitated diffusion?

A

Hydrophilic molecules like glucose and amino acids and charged molecules/ions

49
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

50
Q

Water is drawn towards the _____ (higher/lower)solute concentration

A

higher

51
Q

What is an example of a common carrier protein in active transport?

A

ATP

52
Q

When the cell needs to transport larger things they can use ______ to transport things in and out of the cell

A

Vesicles

53
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Moving things out of the cell using a vesicle

54
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Moving things into the cell using a vesicle

55
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

When cells transport large particles and cells (bacteria) into the cell using vesicles

56
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

When cells transport fluids into the cell using vesicles

57
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

When membrane receptors are involved

58
Q

What are the major features of animal cells?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, smooth ER, Rough ER, golgi body, vesicles, lysosomes

59
Q

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

gives shape, structure, transport

60
Q

what is the function of the ribosomes?

A

assembling polypeptide chains

61
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains DNA

62
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

energy production (ATP)

63
Q

what is the function of the rough ER?

A

modifies new polypeptide chains, folding of polypeptide chains/proteins by chaperone proteins

64
Q

what is the function of the smooth ER?

A

synthesizes lipids

65
Q

what is the function of the golgi body?

A

modifies, sorts and ships new proteins and lipids

66
Q

what is the function of the vesicles?

A

storage, transportation, digestion

67
Q

what is the function of the lysosomes?

A

waste digestion

68
Q

What are the organelles inside eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleus, ER, golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondrion

69
Q

How many DNA molecules do humans have?

A

46

70
Q

How many DNA molecules do frogs have?

A

26

71
Q

Chromosomes are composed of DNA wrapped

around proteins, this material is called _____

A

Chromatin

72
Q

Double membrane (two different bilayers) that surrounds the nucleus is called _______

A

Nuclear envelope

73
Q

dense area in the nucleus where

ribosomes are produced is called ______

A

Nucleolus

74
Q

area inside the nucleus is called _____

A

nucleoplasm

75
Q

DNA and its associated proteins is called _____

A

Chromatin

76
Q

Ribosomes are composed of proteins and ______

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

77
Q

The ______ ER modifies proteins that will be incorporated

into membranes or secreted by the cell

A

Rough

78
Q

Phospholipids and steroids are made here

A

smooth ER

79
Q

_______ ER Contains enzymes that detoxify alcohol and

some drugs

A

smooth

80
Q

Vesicles from rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum bring their products to the ______ to be
modified and repackaged

A

golgi

81
Q

What organelle processes, sorts, re-packages

proteins and lipids, creates lysosomes?

A

Golgi body

82
Q

_______ are digestion vesicles that contain
strong acids and enzymes, can fuse with plasma
membrane to expel waste

A

lysosomes

83
Q

Which organelle Engulfs molecules and digests them, Fuses with other organelles to destroy them, Destroys bacteria?

A

Lysosomes

84
Q

_____ is a hereditary disease where people
don’t have a enzyme normally found in
lysosomes that breaks down lipids in nerve cells.

A

Tay-Sachs

85
Q

Which organelle is Bound by a double membrane

A

mitochondria

86
Q

Which organelle is Important in apoptosis = planned cell death

A

Mitochondria

87
Q

What are the 3 major types of cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, Microtubules (including cilia, flagella and

cenrioles), intermediate filaments

88
Q

Examples of Microtubules?

A

cilia, flagella and centrioles

89
Q

______ serve as tracks along which

organelles or vesicles move.

A

Microtubules

90
Q

_______ Aid in cell division by separating chromosomes

A

microtubules

91
Q

______ are numerous short extensions in a cell that

move back and forth

A

cillia

92
Q

______ are longer than cilia and move in an

undulating manner

A

Flagella

93
Q

______ are microtubule organizing centers

A

Centrioles

94
Q

Functions of Microfillaments?

A
  1. Important function in muscle contraction
  2. Responsible for the creeping movement using
    pseudopodia
  3. Role in dividing cells during cell division
95
Q

Intermediate filaments are _____ in the cell

A

Permanent

96
Q

______ are A diverse group of ropelike fibers

A

Intermediate filaments

97
Q

What is the function of intermediate fillaments?

A

maintain cell shape and anchor

organelles

98
Q

Cilia is made of what type of cytoskeleton?

A

microtubules

99
Q

What type of cytoskeleton divides the cytoplasm

during cell division?

A

microtubules

Review For Exam 2 (3 decks)

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