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Review For Exam 2 > Cell Metabolism > Flashcards

Cell Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

______ Consists of all of the chemical

reactions that take place in a cell

A

metabolism

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2
Q

What is Aerobic cellular respiration?

A

requires oxygen,

produces carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What is anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

does not require oxygen

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4
Q

In aerobic cellular respiration cells take in ____ and break it down to into _____ and water, this requires oxygen.

A

Sugar(glucose), carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration produces what?

A

produces energy in the form of

ATP

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6
Q

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 +6H2O + Energy

This represents:

A

Aerobic cellular respiration

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7
Q

What are the four steps in aerobic cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Transition Reaction
  3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
  4. Electron Transport Chain
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8
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Glycolosis Splits one glucose into two _____ molecules

A

pyruvate

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10
Q

How many ATP and NADH molecules does glycolosis generate

A

2 of each

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11
Q

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

A

no

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12
Q

Where does transition reaction occur?

A

occurs within the mitochondria

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13
Q

In transition reactions Coenzyme A combines with pyruvate and _____ is
removed

A

CO2

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14
Q

What is the end result of transition reaction?

A

2 acetyl CoA molecules, 2 NADH, 2 CO2, NO ATP

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15
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

mitochondria

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16
Q

The end product of the Krebs cycle is ____CO2, ____ ATP, _____ NADH, ______ FADH2

A

4, 2, 6, 2

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17
Q

The Krebs cycle starts with ____ Acetyl CoA

A

2

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18
Q

Another name for the Krebs cycle is the _____

A

Citric acid cycle

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19
Q

In the electron transport chain electrons of ____ and _____ are transferred from one protein to another until they reach ______

A

FADH2, NADH, oxygen

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20
Q

True or false: the electron transport chain does require oxygen

A

True

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21
Q

The electron transport chain releases energy that results in ____ ATP

A

32

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22
Q

What are the two important carriers of electrons in the electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2

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23
Q

What do NADH and FADH2 contribute to the electron transport chain?

A

they donate electrons

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24
Q

At the end of the electron transport chain _____ accepts the electrons

A

oxygen

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25
Q

What is ATP synthase?

A

transport protein and an enzyme

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26
Q

______ is the final electron acceptor from the ETC

A

oxygen

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27
Q

In the _____, the NADH and FADH2 donate

electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC)

A

mitochondria

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28
Q

In the mitochondria, the NADH and FADH2 ________ to the electron transport chain (ETC)

A

donate electrons

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29
Q

The ETC uses the energy from the electrons to
transport _____ against the concentration gradient,
transporting them from the lumen of the
mitochondria to the intermembrane space.

A

H+

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30
Q

The ETC uses the energy from the electrons to
transport H+ ____ (with/against) the concentration gradient,
transporting them from the lumen of the
mitochondria to the intermembrane space.

A

Against

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31
Q

The ______ transports the H+ back to the

lumen of the mitochondria.

A

ATP Synthase

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32
Q

The ATPsynthase transports the H+ back to the

_____ of the mitochondria.

A

Lumen

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33
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

several step process by which glucose is split into 2 pyruvate

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34
Q

What is transition reaction?

A

One CO2 is removed from each pyruvate, the resulting molecules bind to CoA, forming 2 acetyl CoA

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35
Q

What is the citric acid cycle?

A

cyclic series of 8 chemical reactions by which acetyl CoA is broken down

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36
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed from one protein to the next releasing energy for ATP synthesis

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37
Q

One molecule of glucose is broken down and ____

ATP are generated.

A

36

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38
Q

______ is used by the electron transport chain – it

accepts electrons from the ETC

A

Oxygen

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39
Q

_________ is produced by the Transition

Reaction and the Citric acid cycle

A

Carbon Dioxide

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40
Q

Glycolysis: Starts the process by taking in glucose.

Produces ____ ATP

A

2

41
Q

The ______ produces CO2 and NADH

A

Transition Reaction

42
Q

The Citric acid cycle: Produces 2 ATP but also

produces lots of _____ and ______. Produces _____

A

NADH, FADH2, and CO2

43
Q

One glucose can produce a total of ____ ATP

A

36

44
Q 
Which has a higher pH?
A. Extracellular space 
(outside the cell)
B. Cytosol
C. Intramembrane space 
of the mitochondrion
D. Lumen of the 
mitochondrion
A

D. Lumen of the

mitochondrion

45
Q

Complex Carbohydrates must first be broken down into

_______ before entering glycolysis

A

Glucose

46
Q

When you need energy quick, or if there is not

enough O2 then the cell will use only ________

A

glycolysis

47
Q

What is anaerobic fermentation?

A

Breakdown of glucose without oxygen

48
Q

Where does anaerobic fermentation take place?

A

Takes place entirely in the cytosol

49
Q

Anaerobic fermentation is very _______ - results in only _____ ATP

A

Inefficient, 2

50
Q

Anaerobic Fermentation: Anaerobic (without
oxygen) pathway to produce ATP from _______
without the Transition reaction, Citric Acid Cycle,
and ETC/ATP synthase stages

A

glycolysis

51
Q

Anaerobic Fermentation: Anaerobic (without
oxygen) pathway to produce _____ from glycolysis
without the Transition reaction, Citric Acid Cycle,
and ETC/ATP synthase stages

A

ATP

52
Q

What is the end result of anaerobic fermentation?

A

2 lactate and 2 ATP produced (from

glycolysis) and 2 NAD+

53
Q

In anaerobic fermentation glucose is transformed into ___ pyruvic acid + _____ NADH + _____ ATP (glycolysis) then → ____ lactate and ____
NAD+

A

2, 2, 2, 2, 2

54
Q

When the ETC transports H+ this is called:
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport

A

C. Active transport

55
Q 
What gives the energy to the ETC to do the active 
transport
A. ATP
B. GTP
C. e-
D. NADH
E. O2
A

C. e-

56
Q 
The ETC transports H+ from where to where?
A. Intramembrane space 
to cytosol
B. Cytosol to outside the 
cell
C. Intramembrane space 
to the lumen
D. Lumen to the 
Intramembrane space
A

D. Lumen to the

Intramembrane space

57
Q 
The ATPsynthase transports H+ from where to 
where?
A. Intramembrane space 
to cytosol
B. Cytosol to outside the 
cell
C. Intramembrane space 
to the lumen
D. Lumen to the 
Intramembrane space
A

C. Intramembrane space

to the lumen

58
Q

When the ATP synthase transports H+ this is called:
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Active transport

A

B. Facilitated diffusion

59
Q 
What accepts electrons from the ETC ?
A. ATP
B. GTP
C. CO2
D. NADH
E. O2
A

E. O2

60
Q 
What is the starting molecule of glycolysis?
A. Acetyl CoA
B. Protein
C. Glucose
D. Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
A

C. Glucose

61
Q 
Which stage produces CO2
A. Glycolysis
B. Electron Transport 
Chain
C. Transition
D. Citric acid Cycle
E. Both 3 and 4
A

E. Both 3 and 4

62
Q 
Which stage uses O2
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Electron Transport 
Chain
A

C. Electron Transport

Chain

63
Q 
Which stage produces the most NADHs
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Electron Transport 
Chain
A

B. Krebs Cycle

64
Q 
Which stage produces the most ATP
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Electron Transport 
Chain/ATPsynthase
A

C. Electron Transport

Chain/ATPsynthase

65
Q

What does the transition reaction begin with?

A

2 pyruvate (3 carbon molecules), 2 Coenzyme A

66
Q

What does the Krebs cycle begin with?

A

Start with 2 Acetyl CoA

67
Q 
Which of the following is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
 A. golgi 
 B. mitochondria
 C. nucleus
 D. ribosomes
 E. endoplasmic reticulum
A

D. ribosomes

68
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are one celled prokaryotes inhabiting, among other hostile places, hot springs and very salty waters.
A. Archaea 
B. Eukarya 
C. Animals 
 D. Bacteria
A

A. Archaea

69
Q 
Which of the following are prokaryotic organisms?
A. Bacteria 
 B. Fungi 
 C. Protists 
 D. Plants 
 E. Animals
A

A. Bacteria

70
Q 
When a molecule passes through the membrane using a protein and going with the concentration gradient, this is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  A. active transport
  B. simple diffusion
  C. osmosis
  D. facilitated diffusion
A

D. facilitated diffusion

71
Q 
If a cell were placed in a beaker with a solution containing a higher solute concentration as that found inside the cell, we would say that the beaker contained a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ solution.
  A. hypertonic
  B. hypotonic
  C. heterotonic
  D. isotonic
A

A. hypertonic

72
Q

If a cell were placed in a beaker with a solution containing a higher solute concentration as that found inside the cell, would water will be more likely to move into or out of the cell?
A. into the cell
B. out of the cell

A

B. out of the cell

73
Q

Will Ca2+ be able to pass freely through a cell membrane?
A. Yes
B. No

A

B. No

74
Q 
When particles are moved across a membrane using a transport protein, going against the concentration gradient, which of the following processes is responsible for this transport?
  A. active transport
  B. osmosis
  C. facilitated diffusion
  D. simple diffusion
A

A. active transport

75
Q 
Which of these processes brings large solid particles into the cell using a vesicle?
  A. facilitated transport
  B. phagocytosis 
  C. exocytosis
  D. pinocytosis
A

B. phagocytosis

76
Q 
Which of these is most abundant in the plasma membrane?
  A. cholesterol
  B. proteins
  C. phospholipids
  D. carbohydrates
A

C. phospholipids

77
Q 
Which of the following is a membranous organelle that modifies, sorts and ships proteins to other organelles or out of the cell?
  A. rough endoplasmic reticulum 
  B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  C. lysosome
  D. mitochondria
  E. Golgi complex
A

E. Golgi complex

78
Q 
Which of the following is not a membrane-bound organelle?
  A. nucleus
  B. endoplasmic reticulum
 C.  ribosome
  D. rough endoplasmic reticulum 
  E. mitochondrion
A

C. ribosome

79
Q 
Which organelle is where most of the energy is created in the cell in the form of ATP?
  A. mitochondria
  B. lysosomes
  C. Golgi complexes
  D. nuclei
A

A. mitochondria

80
Q 
The organelle known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ makes phospholipids.
  A. rough endoplasmic reticulum 
  B. nucleus 
  C. golgi 
  D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A

D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

81
Q

Cilia and flagella are both made of ________.
A. microfilaments
B. microtubules
C. intermediate filaments

A

B. microtubules

82
Q 
Proteins are folded and a carbohydrate tag is added in this organelle:
  A. lysosomes 
  B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
  C. golgi 
  D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
A

D. rough endoplasmic reticulum

83
Q 
As a cell grows larger, the surface area:volume ratio:
  A. Decreases 
  B. Stays the same 
  C. No answer text provided. 
  D. Increases
A

A. Decreases

84
Q 
Ricin is a potential chemical warfare agent that kills by disabling the ribosomes. With ricin poisoning, a cell would no longer be able to make \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  A. lipids 
  B. carbohydrate 
  C. proteins 
  D. nucleic acids
A

C. proteins

85
Q 
Centrioles are made of what type of cytoskeleton?
  Intermediate filaments 
  A.Intermediate filaments 
  B. Microfilaments 
  C. Microtubules 
  D. No answer text provided.
A

C. Microtubules

86
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton is responsible for dividing cells (divides the cytoplasm) during cell division?
A. Intermediate filaments
B. Microfilaments
C. Microtubules

A

B. Microfilaments

87
Q 
Glycolysis starts with one molecule of glucose, results in the production of which of the following?
  A. 2 acetyl CoAs 
  B. 2 lactates 
  C. 2 pyruvates 
  D. 2 oxaloacetates
A

C. 2 pyruvates

88
Q 
Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of how many ATP?
  A. 2 ATP 
  B. 0 ATP 
  C. 4 ATP 
  D. 1 ATP
A

A. 2 ATP

89
Q

How many ATP are produced during the Transition Reaction (assume you started glycolysis with one glucose)

A. 0 ATP
B. 4 ATP
C. 1 ATP
D. 2 ATP

A

A. 0 ATP

90
Q

Which one of the following is end product of the Transition Reaction?

A. acetyl CoA
B. citrate
C. pyruvate
D. lactate

A

A. acetyl CoA

91
Q 
Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
  A. mitochondrial outer membrane 
  B. mitochondrial lumen/matrix 
  C. mitochondrial intermembrane space 
  D. mitochondrial inner membrane
A

D. mitochondrial inner membrane

92
Q 
Which of the following molecules donates electrons to the electron transport chain?
  A. oxygen 
  B. ATP 
  C. NADH 
  D. water
A

C. NADH

93
Q

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

A. glycolysis and fermentation
B. Electron Transport Chain/ATP synthase
C. Transition Reaction
D. citric acid/Krebs cycle

A

A. glycolysis and fermentation

94
Q

In the absence of oxygen, human muscle cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of which molecules?
You Answered
A. ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
B. ATP, CO2, and acetyl CoA
C. ATP, NADH, and lactate
D. ATP, NAD+, and lactate

A

D. ATP, NAD+, and lactate

95
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?

A. It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.
B. It oxidizes glucose to form two molecules of pyruvate.
C. It serves as an acceptor for carbon, forming CO2 in the citric acid cycle.
D. It yields energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the electron transport chain.

A

A. It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.

96
Q 
Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced during aerobic cellular respiration, total from all the steps combined, if you started with one molecule of glucose?
  A. 18-24 
  B. 4 
  C. 2 
  D. 36
A

D. 36

97
Q

When the ATP synthase transports H+ this type of transport is called:

A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Simple diffusion

A

B. Facilitated diffusion

98
Q

Which stage or stages produce CO2
A. Transition Reaction
B. Transition Reaction and Citric Acid/Krebs Cycles
C. Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle
D. Glycolysis
E. Electron Transport Chain/ATP synthase

A

B. Transition Reaction and Citric Acid/Krebs Cycles

99
Q

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

A

Facilitated diffusion occurs through a concentration gradient whereas active transport occurs against the gradient using by using energy from ATP

Review For Exam 2 (3 decks)

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