The Causes Of The Rising Of The Northern Earls And Backgroud Info Flashcards
How old was Elizabeth when she succeeded the throne
25
What was the Wyatt rebellion 1554
-A plot in 1554, organised by Protestant gentry, with the aim of replacing Mary I with Elizabeth. She had no involvement
What happened to Elizabeth after the Wyatt rebellion
-She was arrested and imprisoned in the TOL, living in fear of her life. She was interrogated for 2 months but there was no evidence of her involvement and so she was banished to an Oxfordshire Manor and placed under house arrest
What impact did her experience during Mary’s reign have on Elizabeth during her reign
-She became cautious to the point of being reluctant to take decisions, which irritated her closest advisers. E.G her reluctance to sign MQOS death warrant.
-She believed she had been spared by God, explaining her strong Protestant faith.
What was the religious settlement
A set of religious laws passed in 1559. They aimed to unify England under a moderate Protestant Church and avoid religious conflict
E.G
-The Act of Supremacy
-The Act of Uniformity
When was the religious settlement implemented
1559
The Act of Supremacy
-It restored the royal supremacy in the Church, which had been removed by Mary, giving legislative authority for the Crown to act in manners relating to the church
The Act of Uniformity
-It established the Book of Common Prayer as the only legal form of worship in England and it made attendance at Church of England services compulsory on Sundays and Holy days, with a fine of 12 pence for non-attendance. (Recusants)
What was the Royal Injunctions 1559
-A set of 57 orders issued by Elizabeth I to enforce the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. They provided more specific instructions on how churches and clergy should implement her religious settlement.
Example of the Royal Injunctions 1559 (learn 3-4)
-Clergy had to preach loyalty to Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of the Church.
-Images, relics, and shrines associated with Catholic practices were to be removed from churches.
-Every church had to have an English Bible available for all to read.
-Pilgrimages and practices linked to Catholic superstition were banned.
-Clergy were required to wear distinctive vestments and teach the Lord’s Prayer, Ten Commandments, and Catechism in English.
-Preachers needed a license from a bishop before they could give sermons.
-Clergy were expected to marry only with permission from their bishop and two Justices of the Peace.
-Every parish had to keep a record of births, marriages, and deaths.
What were the Thirty Nine Articles of Religion 1563
-A set of doctrines that defined the beliefs of the Church of England under Elizabeth I.
-They aimed to establish a moderate Protestant faith, balancing elements of both Protestantism and Catholicism.
Why did Elizabeth keep a small council
-She didn’t want to make the same mistake as Mary, who kept a large council, which was often difficult to handle and often led to faction fights
-She proceeded to choose her closest advisors very sparingly, reducing its size for efficiency and avoided factionalism
Why may have Elizabeth kept some of Marys Advisors in her government
-Rather than immediately removing all Catholic officials, Elizabeth slowly replaced them over time with Protestants. This helped smooth the shift from Mary’s Catholic regime to Elizabeth’s moderate Protestant settlement.
Why was Cecil a target for rival factions at court
-His prominence at court and his close relationship with Elizabeth.
However, unlike in previous courts, Cecils rivals were never outright enemies that were determined to cause his death
Who was Cecils most serious rival
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. However, neither wished to see the other executed, only ‘cowed’ or ‘retire’
Who was Leicester the son of
The former lord president, the Duke of Northumberland, executed by Mary in 1533
When was Leicester appointed to the privy council
1562
Why was Leicester a a threat to Cecil
-Leicester and Elizabeth were childhood friends, their relationship was so close that there were talk of them marrying but this ever happened. However, her emotional attachment to him gave him personal access to the Queen, which posed a serous threat to Cecil
Who were Cecils main rivals at court
-Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
-Thomas Radcliffe, Earl of Sussex
-Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
What religion did Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk lean towards
Catholicism
Why was the Religious Settlement challenged in 1569?
Catholic nobles in the Northern rebellion wanted to restore Catholicism and replace Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots
Who was Elizabeth’s two most trusted ministers
-William Cecil (Lord Burghley)
-Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)
Why did Elizabeth refuse to marry
-She didn’t want to be dominated by a husband
-Marriage to a foreign prince would drag England into European conflicts. (Catholic suitors X)
-Marrying an English noble could cause jealousy and court factions
What was the succession crisis of 1562
Elizabeth gets small pox and she nearly died, raising fears about what would happen if she were to die without an heir
