The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does the Cardiovascular System consist of?

Answer 1

Blood, the heart and blood vessels

Question 2

What are the two types of circulation?

Answer 2

Pulmonary circulation — to and from lungs

Systemic. circulation — from heart to all other organs in the body
to also keep the heart tissue alive

Question 3

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 3

• responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

Question 4

Describe what makes up blood with regards to key components and percentages of key components

Answer 4

Blood is composed of:
1. Plasma
(make up 55% of total blood)

  2. Leukocytes (white blood cells) & platelets
       (make up < 1% of total blood)

 3. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
      (make up 45% of total blood)

Question 5

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 5

for immune response (protecting the body from disease and infections)

Question 6

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 6

– help with blood clotting (stops bleeding)

Question 7

What is Plasma made of

Answer 7

fluid that consists of nutrients, water, proteins, enzymes, nutrients, salts, metabolites and hormones

Question 8

Compare Ateries vs Veins

Answer 8

Similarity:
1. They both carry blood

Difference
1. Arteries – carry high pressured blood away from the heart to tissues that need it
have thick muscular walls with small lumen – to withstand high pressure)
(have elastic fibers associated with muscle layers — to keep blood pressure constant)

2. Veins — carry low-pressured blood back to the heart
   (have thinner walls with large lumen)
   (don’t have elastic walls)
3. Veins carry deoxygenated blood — Aterires carry oxygenated blood
4. Veins have valves which allow blood to flow through them but no to back track (flow backward)—- Ateries don’t have valves)

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

ateries send blood to capillariy bed
veins return to blood to the heart from the caplliary bed

capillary bed contacts all tissue cells (acts like a medium between arteries and viens and tissue cells)

network of capillaries allows all things contained within the blood to diffuse into tissue cells

(waste products are diffused out the cell into the capillary bed

Question 10

State 3 types of capillaries

Answer 10

egardless of the type of capillary is the smallest vessel in the human body

they penetrate and get to the level of every body tissue cell in order to diffuse nutrients and minerals and oxygen and Co2 into and out of the cell in order to keep the cells alive

Types of Capillaries
1. Continuous (has a continuous endothelial lining without pores) – (continuous thick layer of a cell)
– only ions can move through them
(found in the nervous system)
2. fenestrated
— Continuous capillaries (with a continuous endothelial lining ) that also has pores
3. sinusoid