The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 2

Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Question 3

Cardiac muscle

Answer 3

shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary

Question 4

Atria

Answer 4

smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins

Question 5

Right atrium

Answer 5

gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart

Question 6

Left atrium

Answer 6

gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 7

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 7

located in the right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart”

Question 8

Ventricles

Answer 8

larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out

Question 9

Right ventricle

Answer 9

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 10

Left ventricle

Answer 10

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

carry blood away from the heart

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

Transport blood back to the heart

Question 13

Arterioles

Answer 13

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange

Question 15

Venules

Answer 15

very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins

Question 16

Stroke volume

Answer 16

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

Question 17

Heart rate

Answer 17

the rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm

Question 18

Cardiac output

Answer 18

volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate x stroke volume

Question 19

Respiratory system

Answer 19

lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes CO2

Question 20

Inspiration

Answer 20

contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into lungs

Question 21

Inspiratory muscles

Answer 21

primary - diaphragm, external intercostals

secondary - scalenes, pectorals minor, sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

Expiration

Answer 22

relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out

Question 23

Expiratory muscles

Answer 23

internal intercostals, abdominals

Question 24

Resting oxygen consumption (VO2)

Answer 24

3.5 ml × kg-1× min-1= 1 metabolic equivalent(MET)

Question 25

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Answer 25

highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion

Question 26

Abnormal breathing patterns

Answer 26

associated with stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns

Question 27

Cardiorespiratory exercise increases:

Answer 27

cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate

Question 28

Cardiorespiratory exercise decreases:

Answer 28

resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes