The Cardiac cycle and heartbeat

Question 1

What is Cardiac diastole and Ventricular diastole

Answer 1

Cardiac diastole is when the heart refills with blood; then ventricular diastole is when the ventricles are refilling and relaxed.

Question 2

State the cardiac cycle for the left side

Answer 2

1. blood drains into left atrium from lungs along the pulmonary vein
2. Raising of blood pressure in the left atrium forces the left tricuspid valve to open
3. Contraction of the left atrial muscle, which is left atrial systole, forces more blood through the valve.
4. As soon as left atrial systole (Muscle contraction) is over, the left ventricular muscles start to contract. This is known as left ventricular systole.
5. This will force the left tricuspid valve to close and open the valve in the mouth of the aorta (Semilunar). Blood then leaves the left ventricle along the aorta.

Same steps are repeated on the right side at the same time

Question 3

State what an Electrocardiogram is and how it is used to determine whether there is a issue with the heart

Answer 3

Electrocardiogram is used to see and measure electrical changes in the heart. If disease disrupts the heart’s normal conduction pathways there is a disruption of the expected ECG pattern, and this can be used for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.

Question 4

On a normal ECG state what occurs at P, QRS complex and T wave

Answer 4

P wave = Is the time of atrial systole
QRS Complex = Is the time of ventricular systole
T wave = Is caused by repolarisation of the ventricles during diastole

Question 5

For the following ECG Waves state what they mean
Normal Rhythm
Bradycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Sinus arrhythmia
Tachycardia
A flat line

Answer 5

Normal Rhythm = Between 60 and 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia = Less than 60 beats per minute
Ventricular fibrillation = Irregular ventricular rate
Sinus arrhythmia = Normal beats but triggered at irregular interval
Tachycardia = more than 100 beats per minute
A flat line = There is no signal and indicates that resuscitation is needed or death results.