The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during atrial systole

A

Atrial muscle contracts
Blood is forced through the atrial ventricular valves to the ventricles

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2
Q

What happens during ventricular systole

A

Ventricular muscle contracts
Blood is forced through the semi lunar valves into the arteries

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3
Q

What happens during diastole

A

The muscle of the ventricle relaxes

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4
Q

What happens when the pressure is greater in the atrium than in the ventricles

A

The AV valve is forced open and blood flows through to the ventricles

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5
Q

What happens when the pressure is greater in the ventricles than in the atrium

A

The AV valve is forced shut, preventing backflow

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6
Q

What happens when the pressure is greater in the ventricles than in the aorta

A

The semilunar valve is forced open and blood flows in to the aorta

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7
Q

What happens when the pressure is greater in the aorta than in the ventricles

A

The semilunar valve is forced shut, preventing backflow

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8
Q

Define stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during one cycle

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9
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output

A

Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate

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10
Q

What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease

A

Too much salt
Too much saturated fat/cholesterol
High blood pressure
Cigarette smoking
High blood cholesterol
Gender/age/genetics
Alcohol
Lack of exercise/obesity
Stress

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11
Q

What is atheroma

A

A plaque/fatty substance that builds up along the inner lining of your arteries

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12
Q

How does atheroma form? What are the effects of it

A

Cholesterol plaque forms in the artery wall in the endothelium
This blocks the coronary artery
Because the coronary artery is blocked, the O2 and glucose supply to the heart tissue is reduced
This means the heart tissue is unable to respire so it dies
Myocardial infarction (a type of heart attack) can occur
There is also an increased risk of clot/thrombosis/embolism/aneurysm

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13
Q

What is the heart made of

A

Cardiac muscle

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14
Q

Which of the chambers of the heart have thin walls? Why

A

The atria. They receive blood from the body or the lungs and only need to pump it down to the ventricles

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15
Q

What is the function of the coronary artery

A

It branches over the surface of the heart (and into the walls) supplying the cardiac muscle cells with oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration

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16
Q

What is the function of valves? What causes them to open/close

A

Valves prevent blood flowing in the wrong direction
The pressure difference either side causes it to open/close

17
Q

Why is the right ventricle thicker compared to the right atrium

A

Atria are thinner walled as they only generate enough of a force to pump blood into the ventricles below

18
Q

Why is the left ventricle thicker compared to the right ventricle

A

The left ventricle needs to thicker than the right to generate the pressure required to pump blood at high pressure to ALL the organs of the body, whereas the right ventricle only needs to pump blood to the lungs

19
Q

What is the function of AV valves

A

To separate the atria from the ventricles, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria when ventricular systole occurs. They open when the atria contracts

20
Q

What is the function of semi lunar valves

A

To separate the ventricles from the arteries to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle when ventricular diastole occurs. They open when ventricle contracts, this is called systole

21
Q

Name the order of the cardiac cycle (the way blood pumps through the heart)

A

BODY
Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricles
Pulmonary artery
LUNGS (blood becomes oxygenated)
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
BODY

22
Q

What happens when the pressure in the atrium is greater than in the ventricles

A

The atrial ventricular valve is forced open and blood flows into the ventricles

23
Q

What happens when the pressure in the ventricles is greater than in the atrium

A

The atrial ventricular valve is forced shut, preventing back flow

24
Q

What happens when the pressure in the ventricles is greater than in the aorta

A

The semi lunar valve is forced open and blood flows into the aorta

25
Q

What happens when the pressure in the aorta is greater than in the ventricles

A

The semi lunar valve is forced shut preventing backflow