the budget & beurocracy

Question 1

Largest sector of the federal budget

Answer 1

National defense

Question 2

deficit

Answer 2

When expenditures exceed revenues

Question 3

National debt

Answer 3

Accumulation of a deficit over time

Question 4

entitlements

Answer 4

Policy by which congress obligates itself to pay a certian amount of benefits to a certain number of people

Question 5

incramentalism

Answer 5

the budget increases a little bit each year

Question 6

medicare

Answer 6

Great society program that provided healthcare to the elderly

Question 7

Tax expenditures

Answer 7

Revenue losses that result from exclusions, exemptions and other deductions

Question 8

Progressive tax

Answer 8

Takes a higher percentage of money from higher earners

Question 9

Uncontrollable expenditures

Answer 9

Money that the government is required to spend by law

Question 10

16th ammendment

Answer 10

Gave the federal government the power to levy an income tax

Question 11

Which branch proposes the budget

Answer 11

Executive branch

Question 12

Office of Management and Budget

Answer 12

Executive office responsible for allotting the budget and giving the president the budgetary details

Question 13

House ways and means committee

Answer 13

House committee that writes tax codes

Question 14

Budget resolution

Answer 14

Binds congress to total expenditure level, bottom line for federal spending

Question 15

Appropriations bills

Answer 15

Bills passed by congress that provide funding to programs established by authorization bills

Question 16

bureaucracy

Answer 16

Hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization and operates on merit principle

Question 17

Largest federal bureaucracy

Answer 17

Defense department (Remember- ALSO the largest portion of the budget)

Question 18

patronage

Answer 18

Awarding jobs or promotions based on political factors rather than merit

Question 19

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Answer 19

1883 law that created the federal civil service and ended patronage

Question 20

Independent regulatory commissions

Answer 20

Groups that make and enforce rules to protect public interest (FCC, federal reserve)

Question 21

Government corporations

Answer 21

Corporations run by the government that provide services that could be provided by the private sector but at a reduced rate (post office)

Question 22

Independent executive agencies

Answer 22

Government agencies that aren’t cabinet departments, independent regulatory commissions or government corporations (NASA)

Question 23

The most recently established cabinet office

Answer 23

Department of Homeland Security (2002)

Question 24

Policy implementation

Answer 24

Stage of policy making between establishment of policy and result of policy for an individual

Question 25

title IX

Answer 25

1972 law that requires fair treatment of sexes in education - suffered from lack of clarity that made implementation challenging

Question 26

Standard operating procedures

Answer 26

beurocrats procedures for everyday decision making that enable efficiency uniformity and fairness in running complex organizations

Question 27

Administrative discretion

Answer 27

Applied when bureaucrats use their judgment in selecting from solutions to problems

Question 28

Street level beurocrat

Answer 28

berocrat who is in frequent contact with the public and uses considerable amount of discretion

Question 29

Hatch act

Answer 29

Restricted beurocrats from participating in partisan political activities while on duty

Question 30

issue network

Answer 30

Issue networks are an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a single issue in government policy