final exam t2 Flashcards
presidents civilian military title
commander in cheif
president may appoint judges with the advice and consent of the
senate
Pardon
presidential power to nullify convictions of those convicted of crimes
pocket veto
when a president neither signs nor vetos a bill and congress ajorns 5 days after sending the bill to the president
when the president neither signs nor vetos a bill and after 10 days congress is still in session…
the bill becomes a law
midterm election
election held two years after a presidential election,
electoral mandate
when the president has high voter turnout and believes they have strong support for their policy positions
coattails
those running for reelection from the presidents party use the presidents popularity to get elected - effect has been DECREASING
22nd ammendment
Limits president to two terms
25th ammendment
Clarified method of elevating vice president in case of presidential disability
National security council
Links presidents key military and foreign policy advisors
wheel and spokes management
Many aides with equal states and weight in decision making process
President of the senate
Vice president, can break ties in the senate
Congressional override of a veto
2/3
Presidential influences on congress
Veto and state of the union
Legislative veto
Vote to override a presidential action
War powers resolution
Limited presidents ability to deploy troops in combat without a declaration of war
1990 Iraq ‘war’
HW bush deployed troops without congressional resolution
Confessional ratification of treaties
2/3 majority
Executive agreements
Like treaties that may be negotiated with foreign nations WITHOUT consent of the congress
Desegregation of schools
Eisenhower - using police powers
Signing statement
A presidential statement when signing a law that indicates his opinion
Minimum age for a rep
25
Years a senator must be a citizen
9
Which house initiates revenue bills?
house
President pro tempore
Longest serving senator
Total number of senators and representatives
535
Conference committee
Resolves differences in the same bill passed by both houses
Whips
Keep party members in line
earmarks
Pork (grants) that members get for their home districts
Substantive representation
Representing interests of constituent groups that they are not a part of
Personal ideaology
Accounts for decisions made by most congress members
Case work
When congressmen cut red tape and help constituents
Speaker of the house
leader of the house of representatives
caucuses
Informal groups of congress members with similar interests
comittees
Members of congress work together on committees and seek appointment to certain committees to gain influence, reelection and make policy
cloture
Vote to end fillibuster
4 quadrants of congress
High minority/high Ed, high minority/low ed., low minority/high ed., low minority/low ed.
Civil rights act of 1964
Forbade discrimination in public places and integrated schools
Motor voter act
Made it easier to register to vote but hasn’t increased turnout
Citizens united V FEC
Overruled essential parts of the campaign finance reform act
17th ammendment
Provided for direct election of senators
