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Anatomy > The brainstem > Flashcards

The brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the brainstem?

A

Sends messages to the body about different functions

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2
Q

What are the three areas of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

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3
Q

What is the role of the midbrain?

A

Processing and movement

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4
Q

What are the roles of the superior and inferior colliculus?

A

Eye movements and visual processing, and auditory processing

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5
Q

What is the role of the substantial nigra?

A

Movement, as it is filled with dopaminergic neurones

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6
Q

What is the role of the red nucleus?

A

Movement and motor coordination

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7
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

Contains cranial nerve nuclei and is important in the sleep wake cycle and pain signals

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8
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

Reflexes and cardiorespiratory centre

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9
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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10
Q

Where are the cranial nerves located?

A

3-12 in the brainstem, 1 in the frontal lobe, and 2 in the optic chiasm

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11
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 1?

A

Smell

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12
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 2?

A

Vision

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13
Q

What are the roles of cranial nerves 3,4, and 6?

A

Eye movements

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14
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 5?

A

Sensory and motor function of the face

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15
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 7?

A

Facial movement and taste

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16
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 8?

A

Hearing and balance

17
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 9?

A

Taste, swallowing, and autonomic function

18
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 10?

A

Sensory, motor, and autonomic functions e.g. heart rate and breathing

19
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 11?

A

Shoulder and neck muscles

20
Q

What is the role of cranial nerve 12?

A

Tongue muscles

21
Q

What are the signs of third nerve palsy?

A

Eye looks down and out and unable to adduct eye

22
Q

What are the signs of 4th nerve palsy?

A

No obvious squint and eye turns upwards

23
Q

What are the signs of 6th nerve palsy?

A

Can’t abduct eye and the eye turns inwards

24
Q

What are the signs of 7th nerve palsy (Bell’s palsy)?

A

Inability to wrinkle brow, drooping eye, asymmetrical smile, and drooping corner of the mouth

25
Q

How can you test for Bell’s palsy?

A

Head impulse test - delayed rapid movement of the head, and may lead to double vision

26
Q

What are the signs of 8th nerve damage?

A

Impaired swallowing, taste, and neuralgia

27
Q

What are the signs of 10th nerve damage?

A

Dysphonia, paralysis of soft pallet, and hoarse voice

28
Q

What are the signs of 11th nerve damage?

A

Impairment of neck muscles and trapezius

29
Q

What are the signs of 12th nerve damage?

A

Paralysis or atrophy of the tongue muscle, tongue deviates towards the affected side

Anatomy (8 decks)

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