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Anatomy > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

Grey matter is made up of what?

A

Neurones and cell bodies

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2
Q

What is the role of white matter?

A

Relay information

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3
Q

What are sulci?

A

Divides the brain (the valleys)

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4
Q

What are the three main sulci?

A

Longitudinal, rolando and slyvian

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5
Q

What are gyri?

A

Spit the lobes into more sections (the hills)

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6
Q

What is the role of the pre central gyri?

A

Movement

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7
Q

What is the role of the post central gyri?

A

Sensation

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8
Q

Where is the pre central gyri?

A

The frontal lobe

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9
Q

Where is the post central gyri?

A

The parietal lobe

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10
Q

What are the main functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Executive function, voluntary movement, and expressive language

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11
Q

What is somatropic organisation?

A

The ‘little man’ where areas of the frontal lobe are divided and control different body parts

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12
Q

What is controlled by the primary motor cortex?

A

Voluntary movement

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13
Q

What is controlled by the prefrontal cortex?

A

Executive function

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14
Q

What is controlled by Broca’s area?

A

Expressive language

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15
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory, emotion, and association

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16
Q

What do the inferior and superior parietal lobes control?

A

Association

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17
Q

What do the precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus control?

A

Emotion

18
Q

Which is the normal dominant hemisphere?

A

The right hemisphere

19
Q

What does the dominant hemisphere control?

A

Writing, calculation, and left and right

20
Q

What does the non-dominant hemisphere control?

A

Awareness of the other side of the body, and drawing

21
Q

What does the temporal lobe control?

A

Language, recognition, and processing

22
Q

What does the superior temporal gyrus control?

A

Auditory input and language comprehension

23
Q

What is controlled by the middle temporal gyrus?

A

Sound recognition, semantic memory, and language processing

24
Q

What is controlled by the inferior temporal gyrus?

A

Visual recognition

25
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobes?

A

Visual processing and interpretation

26
Q

What is controlled by the primary visual cortex?

A

Processing of visual information

27
Q

What is controlled by the visual association cortex?

A

Interpretation of visual data

28
Q

What are the steps to seeing?

A

Light rays are refracted by the retina, rods and cones send signals to ganglion cells, transform signals into electrical impulses down the optic nerve

29
Q

Where is the blind spot?

A

The optic nerve

30
Q

Where is visual information taken to?

A

The visual cortex

31
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

A deep brain structure

32
Q

What are the main functions of the basal ganglia?

A

Motor tasks, reward, decision making, working memory, and eye movements

33
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

The main junction for tracts, relays information, attention, consciousness, cognition and emotion

34
Q

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

A

Releases hormones to maintain the body by acting on the pituitary gland

35
Q

What are the three ventricles in the brain called?

A

Lateral, third, and fourth

36
Q

What happens if ventricles are blocked?

A

Backup of fluid leads to enlarged ventricles that press on the brain, leading to hydrocephalus

37
Q

What area is constantly releasing CSF?

A

The choroid plexi

38
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Layers of membrane to protect the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

What are the three meninges known as?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

40
Q

What can bursting of subarachnoid space lead to?

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage, where there is bleeding into the space surrounding the brain

Anatomy (8 decks)

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