The Brain and the PNS

Question 1

What are the 2 parts of the Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Spinal Cord and Brain

Question 2

What are the meninges

Answer 2

Protective membrane that wraps bones

Question 3

What is cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 3

Cushioning fluid that is produced in the ventricles of the brain

Question 4

What are the ventricles

Answer 4

Interconnecting cavities that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

What does the CNS do

Answer 5

It receives and integrates sensory input and formulates motor output

Question 6

What does Gray Matter contain

Answer 6

Cell bodies, short and nonmyelinated fibers

Question 7

What does White Matter contain

Answer 7

Myelinates axons that run in tracts

Question 8

What does the brain consume more of than any other part of the body

Answer 8

Oxygen and glucose

Question 9

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do

Answer 9

Carries nutrients, acts as a shock absorber, relays waste by diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

Thin outer layer of gray matter covering both hemispheres

Question 11

Primary motor area

Answer 11

The frontal lobe; commands skeletal muscles

Question 12

Primary somatosensory area

Answer 12

Is dorsal to the central sulcus or groove

Question 13

Cerebrum

Answer 13

Also called forebrain. Contains two hemispheres for coordinating sensory and motor information.

Ex: Speech, reasoning, memory personality (maybe located only on one side)

Question 14

Crebral Cortex

Answer 14

1 mm thick, outer layer

Question 15

How are the hemispheres connected and what does that allow them to do

Answer 15

They are connected by the corpus callosum allowing information to be shared between the hemispheres

Question 16

What 4 lobes is the cerebrum divided into

Answer 16

Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 17

What is the Frontal Lobe responsible for

Answer 17

Walking, speech intellect and personality

Question 18

What is the Temporal Lobe responsible for

Answer 18

Hearing, vision, memory and interpretation

Question 19

What is the Parietal lobe responsible for

Answer 19

Interpreting sensory info receptors, long term memory

Question 20

Occipital Lobe

Answer 20

Vision

Question 21

Broca’s Area

Answer 21

A part of the left hemisphere usually where the speech center is located. Motor speech area

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

Below cerebrum, coordinates and interprets sensory info

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

Below thalamus, connects endocrine to nervous system, recieves sensory info, instincts, temperature control, thirst and hunger

Question 24

Pituitary gland

Answer 24

Influenced by hypothalamus, part of endocrine system

Question 25

Midbrain

Answer 25

Relay center for some eye and ear reflexed

Question 26

Hindbrain

Answer 26

Located behind the midbrain, connects the brain to spinal cord. Has three parts: Cerebellum Pons Medulla Oblongata

Question 27

Cerebellum

Answer 27

Coordinates movement, balance and muscle tone

Question 28

Pons

Answer 28

Relay station between cerebellum areas, and cerebellum and medulla

Question 29

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 29

Connection between PNS and CNS, involuntary movement

Question 30

Wernicke's Area

Answer 30

Sensory speech area

Question 31

Ventral Root

Answer 31

Towards the front of the body, carries motor neuron messages to muscles

Question 32

Dorsal Root

Answer 32

Towards the back of the body, sensory neurons messages from the body

Question 33

What is the spinal cord the center for

Answer 33

Reflex arcs

Question 34

What does the spinal cord do

Answer 34

Sends sensory information to the brain and receives motor output from the brain extending communication from the brain to PNS

Question 35

What does the PNS contain

Answer 35

Nerves (bundles of axons) Ganglia (cell bodies)

Question 36

Sensory Nerves

Answer 36

Carry info to the CNS

Question 37

Motor Nerves

Answer 37

Carry info away from the CNS

Question 38

How many cranial and spinal nerves does a person have

Answer 38

12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 39

Dorsal root

Answer 39

Spinal nerve that contains sensory fibers that conduct sensory impulses from sensory receptors toward the spinal cord

Question 40

Dorsal Root Ganglia

Answer 40

Contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 41

Ventral Root

Answer 41

Spinal nerve that contains motor fibers which conduct impulses away from the spinal cord to the effector

Question 42

Somatic System serves

Answer 42

Skin, skeletal muscles and tendons

Question 43

Somatic system is involved in

Answer 43

Voluntary muscle movement

Question 44

Where does control for the somatic system exist

Answer 44

Cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 45

Autonomic nerves

Answer 45

Motor nerves that regulate the organs of the body without conscious control; involuntary

Question 46

Where does the autonomic systems control exist

Answer 46

Medulla

Question 47

Effectors in the autonomic nervous system are

Answer 47

smooth muscles

Question 48

What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for

Answer 48

Homeostasis during times of rest and emergency

Question 49

Two parts of the Autonomic nervous system

Answer 49

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 50

Sympathetic

Answer 50

Fight or flight

Question 51

Parasympathetic

Answer 51

Restores normal balance; times of relaxation

Question 52

What does the sympathetic contain

Answer 52

Short preganglionic nerve (Acetylcholine) and long postganglionic nerve (norepinephrine)

Question 53

What does the parasympathetic contain

Answer 53

Long preganglionic nerve (acetylcholine) and short postganglionic nerve (acetylcholine)

Question 54

Where does a sympathetic response come from

Answer 54

Thoracic Vertebrae or Lumbar Vertebrae

Question 55

Where does a Parasympathetic response come from

Answer 55

The brain or spinal cord