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Bio Unit 1 > The Brain and the PNS > Flashcards

The Brain and the PNS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Central Nervous System

A

Spinal Cord and Brain

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2
Q

What are the meninges

A

Protective membrane that wraps bones

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3
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid

A

Cushioning fluid that is produced in the ventricles of the brain

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4
Q

What are the ventricles

A

Interconnecting cavities that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

What does the CNS do

A

It receives and integrates sensory input and formulates motor output

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6
Q

What does Gray Matter contain

A

Cell bodies, short and nonmyelinated fibers

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7
Q

What does White Matter contain

A

Myelinates axons that run in tracts

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8
Q

What does the brain consume more of than any other part of the body

A

Oxygen and glucose

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9
Q

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do

A

Carries nutrients, acts as a shock absorber, relays waste by diffusion and facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Thin outer layer of gray matter covering both hemispheres

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11
Q

Primary motor area

A

The frontal lobe; commands skeletal muscles

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12
Q

Primary somatosensory area

A

Is dorsal to the central sulcus or groove

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13
Q

Cerebrum

A

Also called forebrain. Contains two hemispheres for coordinating sensory and motor information.

Ex: Speech, reasoning, memory personality (maybe located only on one side)

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14
Q

Crebral Cortex

A

1 mm thick, outer layer

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15
Q

How are the hemispheres connected and what does that allow them to do

A

They are connected by the corpus callosum allowing information to be shared between the hemispheres

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16
Q

What 4 lobes is the cerebrum divided into

A

Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe

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17
Q

What is the Frontal Lobe responsible for

A

Walking, speech intellect and personality

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18
Q

What is the Temporal Lobe responsible for

A

Hearing, vision, memory and interpretation

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19
Q

What is the Parietal lobe responsible for

A

Interpreting sensory info receptors, long term memory

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20
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

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21
Q

Broca’s Area

A

A part of the left hemisphere usually where the speech center is located. Motor speech area

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22
Q

Thalamus

A

Below cerebrum, coordinates and interprets sensory info

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23
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Below thalamus, connects endocrine to nervous system, recieves sensory info, instincts, temperature control, thirst and hunger

24
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Influenced by hypothalamus, part of endocrine system

25
Q

Midbrain

A

Relay center for some eye and ear reflexed

26
Q

Hindbrain

A

Located behind the midbrain, connects the brain to spinal cord. Has three parts:
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

27
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates movement, balance and muscle tone

28
Q

Pons

A

Relay station between cerebellum areas, and cerebellum and medulla

29
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Connection between PNS and CNS, involuntary movement

30
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Sensory speech area

31
Q

Ventral Root

A

Towards the front of the body, carries motor neuron messages to muscles

32
Q

Dorsal Root

A

Towards the back of the body, sensory neurons messages from the body

33
Q

What is the spinal cord the center for

A

Reflex arcs

34
Q

What does the spinal cord do

A

Sends sensory information to the brain and receives motor output from the brain extending communication from the brain to PNS

35
Q

What does the PNS contain

A

Nerves (bundles of axons)

Ganglia (cell bodies)

36
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

Carry info to the CNS

37
Q

Motor Nerves

A

Carry info away from the CNS

38
Q

How many cranial and spinal nerves does a person have

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

39
Q

Dorsal root

A

Spinal nerve that contains sensory fibers that conduct sensory impulses from sensory receptors toward the spinal cord

40
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

Contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons

41
Q

Ventral Root

A

Spinal nerve that contains motor fibers which conduct impulses away from the spinal cord to the effector

42
Q

Somatic System serves

A

Skin, skeletal muscles and tendons

43
Q

Somatic system is involved in

A

Voluntary muscle movement

44
Q

Where does control for the somatic system exist

A

Cerebrum and cerebellum

45
Q

Autonomic nerves

A

Motor nerves that regulate the organs of the body without conscious control; involuntary

46
Q

Where does the autonomic systems control exist

A

Medulla

47
Q

Effectors in the autonomic nervous system are

A

smooth muscles

48
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for

A

Homeostasis during times of rest and emergency

49
Q

Two parts of the Autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

50
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

51
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Restores normal balance; times of relaxation

52
Q

What does the sympathetic contain

A

Short preganglionic nerve (Acetylcholine) and long postganglionic nerve (norepinephrine)

53
Q

What does the parasympathetic contain

A

Long preganglionic nerve (acetylcholine) and short postganglionic nerve (acetylcholine)

54
Q

Where does a sympathetic response come from

A

Thoracic Vertebrae or Lumbar Vertebrae

55
Q

Where does a Parasympathetic response come from

A

The brain or spinal cord

Bio Unit 1 (4 decks)

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