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Bio Unit 1 > Senses (Eyes and Ears) > Flashcards

Senses (Eyes and Ears) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What connects the outside world with our brain

A

The senses

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2
Q

What are the sense organs equipped with

A

Sensory receptor

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3
Q

What do sensory receptors

A

Receive specific types of stimuli

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4
Q

What the stimuli converted into

A

Nerve action potentials

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5
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

Filtering of stimuli that are considered not important and unchanging

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6
Q

What receptors are used for vision and examples

A

Photoreceptors
Rods and Cons

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7
Q

What receptors are used for taste and examples

A

Chemoreceptors
Tastebuds and olfactory receptors

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8
Q

What receptors are used for hearing and examples

A

Mechanoreceptors
Hair cells in the ear

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9
Q

What receptors are used for smell and examples

A

Chemoreceptors
Olfactory receptors

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10
Q

What receptors are used for touch and examples

A

Mechanoreceptors
Receptors in the skin

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11
Q

What protects the eyes

A

Tears, eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids

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12
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

Maintains the shape and allows transmission of light

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13
Q

Cornea

A

Refracts light towards the pupil

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14
Q

Lens

A

Focuses the image on the retina

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15
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Provides the nutrients to the cornea and helps refract light

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16
Q

Iris

A

Controls the amount of light entering the eye

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17
Q

Ciliary Muscle/Ligaments

A

Alter the shape of the lens to allow near and far focusing (accommodation)

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18
Q

Retina

A

Contains the rods and cones (photoreceptors), forms a thin layer on the inside of the eyeball

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19
Q

Choroid Layer

A

Contains pigments that prevents the scattering of light in the eye by absorbing it, also contains blood vessels

20
Q

Arteries and veins

A

Provide the eye with nutrients and remove waste

21
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

The most sensitive area of the retina
Contains only cones and surrounded by rods
Most amount of seeing occurs here

22
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Collects the information from the rods and cones, sending it to the thalamus and visual cortex for processing

23
Q

Blind Spot

A

Where the optic nerve and retina attach, no visual receptors in this are, no visual image can be formed in this area

24
Q

Sclera

A

The outer most layer of the eye, thick, supports and protects the eye

25
Q

Pupil

A

Allows light to enter the eye, the size is determined by the iris

26
Q

Process for seeing farther away

A
  1. Ciliary muscles relax
  2. Ligaments tighten
  3. Lens flattens
27
Q

The process for seeing close up

A
  1. Muscles contract
  2. Ligaments loosen
  3. Lens rounds up
28
Q

What two sensory functions does the ear serve

A

Hearing and balance (equilibrium)

29
Q

Where are the sensory receptors for the ear

A

They are located in the innermost part of the ear, inner ear

30
Q

Pinna

A

The external part of the ear, funnels the sound to the auditory canal

31
Q

Auditory Canal

A

Lined with cerbuminous glands (make wax), directs the sound to the tympanic membrane

32
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

Also known as the eardrum. Vibrates with sounds, causing the ossicles to vibrate

33
Q

Ossicles

A

Three small bones which transmit the vibrations to the oval window, magnify sound
1. Malleus (hammer)
2. Incus (anvil)
3. Stapes (Stirrup)

34
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Air filled tube which allows equalization of pressure in the middle-ear

35
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Fluid-filled structure providing information about body movement and position

36
Q

Cochlea

A

Coiled tube that identifies sounds and converts them to nerve impulses

37
Q

Auditory Nerve

A

Transmits messages to the brain

38
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Located in the cochlea, consists of stereo cilia lying on the basilar membrane which will move in response to movements in the fluid

39
Q

What receptors are for hearing and balance that are located in the inner ear

A

Mechanoreceptors

40
Q

Steps of Hearing

A
  1. Sounds vibrate the tympanic membrane which vibrates the ossicles and oval window
  2. The round window bulges inward, maintaining pressure and transmitting the pressure change through the cochlea
  3. The movement of the fluid back and forth in the cochlea bends the hair-like receptors located in the organ of Corti
  4. The movement of the hair cells stimulate sensory nerves in the basilar membrane sending signals through the auditory canal to the temporal lobe
41
Q

How does the brain interpret pitch

A

Different areas of the cochlea are sensitive to different pitches of sound, based on the area stimulate the brain can interpret pitch

42
Q

How is loudness interpreted

A

By the number of sensory neurons that respond to the stimulus

43
Q

Gravitational Equlibrium

A

Static, Maintained by the saccule and utricle

44
Q

What are the saccule and utricle

A

Two jelly-filled sacs in the vestibule

45
Q

Rotational Equilibrium

A

Dynamic, maintains balance by the three semi-circular canals, each filled with jelly

Bio Unit 1 (4 decks)

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