Senses (Eyes and Ears)

Question 1

What connects the outside world with our brain

Answer 1

The senses

Question 2

What are the sense organs equipped with

Answer 2

Sensory receptor

Question 3

What do sensory receptors

Answer 3

Receive specific types of stimuli

Question 4

What the stimuli converted into

Answer 4

Nerve action potentials

Question 5

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 5

Filtering of stimuli that are considered not important and unchanging

Question 6

What receptors are used for vision and examples

Answer 6

Photoreceptors
Rods and Cons

Question 7

What receptors are used for taste and examples

Answer 7

Chemoreceptors
Tastebuds and olfactory receptors

Question 8

What receptors are used for hearing and examples

Answer 8

Mechanoreceptors
Hair cells in the ear

Question 9

What receptors are used for smell and examples

Answer 9

Chemoreceptors
Olfactory receptors

Question 10

What receptors are used for touch and examples

Answer 10

Mechanoreceptors
Receptors in the skin

Question 11

What protects the eyes

Answer 11

Tears, eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids

Question 12

Vitreous Humor

Answer 12

Maintains the shape and allows transmission of light

Question 13

Cornea

Answer 13

Refracts light towards the pupil

Question 14

Lens

Answer 14

Focuses the image on the retina

Question 15

Aqueous Humor

Answer 15

Provides the nutrients to the cornea and helps refract light

Question 16

Iris

Answer 16

Controls the amount of light entering the eye

Question 17

Ciliary Muscle/Ligaments

Answer 17

Alter the shape of the lens to allow near and far focusing (accommodation)

Question 18

Retina

Answer 18

Contains the rods and cones (photoreceptors), forms a thin layer on the inside of the eyeball

Question 19

Choroid Layer

Answer 19

Contains pigments that prevents the scattering of light in the eye by absorbing it, also contains blood vessels

Question 20

Arteries and veins

Answer 20

Provide the eye with nutrients and remove waste

Question 21

Fovea Centralis

Answer 21

The most sensitive area of the retina
Contains only cones and surrounded by rods
Most amount of seeing occurs here

Question 22

Optic Nerve

Answer 22

Collects the information from the rods and cones, sending it to the thalamus and visual cortex for processing

Question 23

Blind Spot

Answer 23

Where the optic nerve and retina attach, no visual receptors in this are, no visual image can be formed in this area

Question 24

Sclera

Answer 24

The outer most layer of the eye, thick, supports and protects the eye

Question 25

Pupil

Answer 25

Allows light to enter the eye, the size is determined by the iris

Question 26

Process for seeing farther away

Answer 26

1. Ciliary muscles relax 2. Ligaments tighten 3. Lens flattens

Question 27

The process for seeing close up

Answer 27

1. Muscles contract 2. Ligaments loosen 3. Lens rounds up

Question 28

What two sensory functions does the ear serve

Answer 28

Hearing and balance (equilibrium)

Question 29

Where are the sensory receptors for the ear

Answer 29

They are located in the innermost part of the ear, inner ear

Question 30

Pinna

Answer 30

The external part of the ear, funnels the sound to the auditory canal

Question 31

Auditory Canal

Answer 31

Lined with cerbuminous glands (make wax), directs the sound to the tympanic membrane

Question 32

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 32

Also known as the eardrum. Vibrates with sounds, causing the ossicles to vibrate

Question 33

Ossicles

Answer 33

Three small bones which transmit the vibrations to the oval window, magnify sound 1. Malleus (hammer) 2. Incus (anvil) 3. Stapes (Stirrup)

Question 34

Eustachian Tube

Answer 34

Air filled tube which allows equalization of pressure in the middle-ear

Question 35

Semicircular Canals

Answer 35

Fluid-filled structure providing information about body movement and position

Question 36

Cochlea

Answer 36

Coiled tube that identifies sounds and converts them to nerve impulses

Question 37

Auditory Nerve

Answer 37

Transmits messages to the brain

Question 38

Organ of Corti

Answer 38

Located in the cochlea, consists of stereo cilia lying on the basilar membrane which will move in response to movements in the fluid

Question 39

What receptors are for hearing and balance that are located in the inner ear

Answer 39

Mechanoreceptors

Question 40

Steps of Hearing

Answer 40

1. Sounds vibrate the tympanic membrane which vibrates the ossicles and oval window 2. The round window bulges inward, maintaining pressure and transmitting the pressure change through the cochlea 3. The movement of the fluid back and forth in the cochlea bends the hair-like receptors located in the organ of Corti 4. The movement of the hair cells stimulate sensory nerves in the basilar membrane sending signals through the auditory canal to the temporal lobe

Question 41

How does the brain interpret pitch

Answer 41

Different areas of the cochlea are sensitive to different pitches of sound, based on the area stimulate the brain can interpret pitch

Question 42

How is loudness interpreted

Answer 42

By the number of sensory neurons that respond to the stimulus

Question 43

Gravitational Equlibrium

Answer 43

Static, Maintained by the saccule and utricle

Question 44

What are the saccule and utricle

Answer 44

Two jelly-filled sacs in the vestibule

Question 45

Rotational Equilibrium

Answer 45

Dynamic, maintains balance by the three semi-circular canals, each filled with jelly