The Brain and Movement Flashcards
what is subcortical control of movement?
from spinal cord to basal ganglia
reflexes
mainly occur in spinal cord and lower brain stem
nuclei of brainstem
reticular formation- set of interconnected nuclei
vestibular nuclei- nuclei for balance in the neural pathway
areas of cerebellum involved in movement
superior cerebellar peduncle
middle cerebellar peduncle
inferior cerebellar peduncle
superior cerebellar peduncle
EFFERENT pathway to red nucleus and cortex
middle cerebellar input
most fibres originate in pons
input from sensory, visual, vestibular and motor systems
largest input from the cortex
inferior cerebella cortex
carries information to and from the spinal cord and vestibular nuclei
what is the red nucleus
roughly spherical collection of cell bodies in midbrain
extremely vascular
receives large input from cerebellum and primary motor cortex
what is the rubrospinal tract
goes from red nucleus to the spine
controls the shaping of hand in reaching and grasping movements
rubrospinal fibres terminate primarily in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord
how is the basal ganglia responsible for movement
involved in selection of appropriate behaviours (movements) and self-initiation of behaviours
what are the two pathways through the basal ganglia?
direct pathway- runs directly through basal ganglia and has an excitatory effect on on the cortex. NET effect of pro-movement
indirect pathway- takes a longer loop through the basal ganglia and has an inhibitory effect on the cortex. NET effect is anti-movement
what happens to movement if the basal ganglia is damaged
too little or too much movement id produced
what happens to movement if the cerebellum is damaged
movement still takes place but it becomes uncoordinated
