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Systemic Unit 2 > The Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

The Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The adult brain consists of what four major parts?

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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2
Q

What is the largest part of the brain that develops from the forebrain?

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

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4
Q

_________ is posterior to the brain stem and develops from the hindbrain

A

Cerebellum

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5
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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6
Q

The ______ is continuous with the spinal cord

A

Brain stem

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7
Q

The _____ dura mater has two layers; the _____ dura mater only has one

A

Cranial has two; spinal has one

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8
Q

What are the two layers that are a part of the cranial dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer and menigneal layer

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9
Q

The cranial dura also forms dural reflections, the ________ and ________

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

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10
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

Falx cerebri

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11
Q

What separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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12
Q

What does the blood brain barrier consist of?

A

Mainly tight junctions that seal together the endothelial cells fo the brain blood capillaries
And a tick basement membrane that surround the capillaries

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13
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid produced by?

A

Choroid plexus

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14
Q

_________ carries small amounts of oxygen, glucose and other chemicals front he blood to neurons and neuroglia

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

What flows within ventricles, canals and in subarachnoid space around CNS

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid absorbed by?

A

Arachnoid granulations into blood of superior sagittal sinus

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17
Q

What are the 4 ventricles?

A

The 2 lateral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct (third ventricle) and the central canal (fourth ventricle)

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18
Q

What connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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19
Q

What connects the two lateral ventricles?

A

Interventricular foramen

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20
Q

What is the spongy mass of capillaries covered by ependymal cells?

A

Choroid plexus

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21
Q

________ cells are neuroglia cells that line the entire surface of the ventricles and the canals of the brain and spinal cord

A

Ependymal cells

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22
Q

What do ependymal cells secrete?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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23
Q

___________ are the right and left halves of the cerebrum that are separated by longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

What separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

The longitudinal fissure

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25
Q

Within the longitudinal fissure is the _________

A

Falx cerebri

26
Q

_________ is a region of gray matter that forms the outer rim of the cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex

27
Q

________ are cortical region rolls and folds on itself

A

Gyri

28
Q

_________, deepest grooves between folds

________, shallower grooves between folds

A

Fissures

Sulci

29
Q

What is the broad band of white matter containing axons that extend between the two hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

30
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

The frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

31
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

Central sulcus

32
Q

__________ located immediately anterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary motor area

A

Precentral gyrus

33
Q

___________, located posterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary somatosensory area

A

Postcentral gyrus

34
Q

What contains the primary motor area?

A

Precentral gyrus

35
Q

What contains the primary somatosensory area?

A

Post central gyrus

36
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

A

Lateral cerebral sulcus

37
Q

What separates the partial lobe forms he occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

38
Q

Cerebral white matter consists of what?

A

Primarily myelinated axons and 3 types of tracts (associated, commissural, and projection)

39
Q

_________ tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere

A

Association

40
Q

__________ tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in other cerebral hemisphere

A

Commissural tracts

41
Q

What are examples of commissural tracts in the brain?

A

Corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior commissure

42
Q

________ tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from eh cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or from lower parts of the CNS to the cerebrum

A

Projection tracts

43
Q

What are considered the lower parts of the CNS?

A

Thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord

44
Q

What does the primary somatosensory area receive nerve impulses for?

A

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, ticket, temp, pain and proprioception

45
Q

Where is the primary visual association area located and what does it receive?

A

Located at the posterior tip of the occipital lobe

Recieves visual information

46
Q

Where is the primary auditory area located and what is it involve in?

A

Located in the superior part of the temporal lobe

Involved in auditory perception

47
Q

Where is the primary gustatory area located and what does it do?

A

Located at the base of the post central gyrus superior to the lateral cerebral sulcus in the parietal cortex
Receives impulses for taste

48
Q

Where is the primary olfactory area located?

A

Located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

49
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerve, hypoglossal

*** pneumonic: Oh, Oh, Oh, Then The Anatomy Faculty Visited George’s Vegas Accessory Hotel

50
Q

What cranial nerves control the muscles that move the eyeballs?

A

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV) and Abducens (VI) Nerves

51
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal (CN V)

A

Opthalamic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

52
Q

________ nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve and passes into the orbit vis the superior orbital fissure

A

Opthalamic

53
Q

________ nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve that passes through the foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary nerve

54
Q

What nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary nerve

55
Q

______ nerve passes through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular nerve

56
Q

________ nerve is a mixed cranial nerve that supplies the muscles of expression and carry taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and carry parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion

A

Facial nerve (VII)

57
Q

What nerve carries impulses for equilibrium?

A

Vestibulocochlear (IV)

58
Q

What is the mixed cranial nerve that carries motor, sensory and parasympathetic to the parotid gland

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

59
Q

What nerve is a mixed cranial nerve that is distributed from the head and neck into the thorax and abdomen?

A

Vagus (CN X)

60
Q

What nerve originates in the spinal cord and enters thought he foramen magnum then excite through jugular foramen

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

61
Q

What nerve passes through the Hypoglossal canal to supply the muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

Systemic Unit 2 (6 decks)

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