Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systemic Unit 2 > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

The _________ are three protective connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and brain

A

Meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What covers the spinal nerves up to the vertebral foramen?

A

Spinal meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most superficial layer of meninges that is composed of dense irregular CT

A

Dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the Dura mater extend from?

A

The level of the foramen magnum to the second sacral vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_________ _______ is a thin space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

A

Subdural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_________ is the middle of the meningeal membranes and its a thin avascular covering

A

Arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ is the innermost membrane that is a thin transparent CT that adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain. It contains many blood vessels

A

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________ _______, is a space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which contains shock absorbing cerebrospinal fluid

A

Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ _______ are thickening of pia mater that project laterally and fuse with the arachnoid mater and inner surface of dura mater.

A

Denticulate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What protects the spinal cord against sudden displacement?

A

Denticulate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two conspicuous enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical enlargement

Lumbar enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The _______ ________ extends form the fourth cervical vertebra to the first thoracic vertebra

A

Cervical enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________ _______ extends form the ninth to the 12th thoracic vertebra

A

Lumbar enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement which ends between the first and second lumbar vertebrae?

A

Conus mediullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an extension of the pia mater that fuses with the arachnoid mater and dura mater inferiorly and functions to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ _______ are the paths of communication between the spinal cord and specific regions of the body

A

Spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
\_\_\_\_ pairs of cervical nerves
\_\_\_\_\_ pairs of thoracic nerves 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ pairs of lumbar nerves 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ pairs of sacral nerves
\_\_\_\_\_\_ pair of coccygeal nerves
A 
8 pairs of cervical nerves
12 pairs of thoracic nerves 
5 pairs of lumbar nerves 
5 pairs of sacral nerves
1 pair of coccygeal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

A

Posterior dorsal root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What contains axons of motor neurons which conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands)

A

Anterior (ventral) root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is formed by roots of the lumbar, sacral and cocygeal nerves around the filum terminale?

A

Cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The _____ matter is on the outer layer of the spinal cord while the _____ matter is an inner layer

A

White matter; grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two grooves that divide the white matter into right and left side?

A

Anterior median fissure (wide groove on anterior surface)

Posterior median sulcus (narrow sulcus on the posterior side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three columns of white matter?

A

Anterior (ventral) white columns
Posterior (dorsal) white columns
Lateral white columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

______ are bundles of axons which may extend long distances up or down the spinal cord and are either sensory or motor

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_______ tracts consist of axons that conduct nerve impulses toward the brain

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

_________ tracts consist of axons that carry nerve impulses form the brain to the target systems

A

Motor tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

________ consists of dendrites and cell bodies of neurons, unmyelinated axons and neuroglia

A

Gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In the gray matter, what forms the cross bar of the H?

A

Gray commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What extends the entire length of the spinal cord and is filled with cerebral spinal fluid. At its superior end is continuous with the 4th ventricle in the medulla

A

Central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What recieves input from receptors via sensory neurons?

A

Sensory nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What provides output to effector tissues via motor neurons

A

Motor nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What connects the white matter of the right and left sides of the spinal cord

A

Anterior white commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons?

A

Posterior gray horn

34
Q

What contains the somatic motor nuclei and provide impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles?

A

Anterior (ventral) gray horns

35
Q

What is only in thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord contain sympathetic motor nuclei

A

Lateral gray horns

36
Q

What connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands in all parts of the body?

A

Spinal nerves

37
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

38
Q

The spinal nerve is connected to the cord by two roots (a posterior root with a dorsal ganglion and an anterior root.) This makes the spinal nerve a ________ nerve

A

Mixed nerve

39
Q

______ is wrapped around individual axons within a nerve, whether or not it is myelinated

A

Endoneurium

40
Q

________ is the middle layer that is wrapped groups of axons that forms fascicles

A

Perineurium

41
Q

______ is the outermost covering of the entire nerve

A

Epineurium

42
Q

Spinal nerve is classified as a ______ nerve; after passing through its intervertebral foramen, divides into branches called ________

A

Mixed nerve; Rami

43
Q

What supplies muscles and skin of the back?

A

Posterior dorsal ramus

44
Q

What supplies muscles and structures of upper and lower limbs and the skin of the lateral and anterior surfaces of the trunk?

A

Anterior ventral ramus

45
Q

What renters the vertebral cavity to supply the structures within the cavity?

A

Meningeal branch

46
Q

What makes up the rami communicants that are components of the autonomic NS?

A

White ramus and gray ramus

47
Q

______ ramus is myelinated and contains sympathetic preganglionic axons

______ ramus is unmyelinated, and contained sympathetic post ganglionic axons.

A

White

Gray

48
Q

What makes up plexuses?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves except for Thoracic nerves T2-T12

49
Q

What are the 4 principal plexuses?

A

Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus

50
Q

What forms the cervical plexus?

A

The anterior rami of the first four cervical nerves (C1-C4)

51
Q

_______ plexus supplies the skin and muscles of the head, beach and superior part o the shoulders and chest

A

Cervical plexus

52
Q

What nerve supplies the skin of the scalp posterior and superior to the ear

A

Lesser occipital nerve C2

53
Q

What cervical nerve(s) supply the skin anterior, inferior and over ear and over parotid glands.

A

Great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)

54
Q

What cervical nerves supply the skin over anterior and lateral aspect of the neck?

A

C2-C3 transverse cervical

55
Q

What cervical nerve supplies the skin over superior portion of the chest and shoulder?

A

C3-C4

56
Q

________ nerves arise from the cervical plexus and supply motor fibers to the diaphragm

A

Phrenic

57
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

Formed by anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1

58
Q

______ plexus divides into roots, trunks, divisions, cords and branches

A

Brachial plexus

59
Q

What are the 5 large terminal branches that arise from the brachial plexus?

A 
Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
60
Q

_______ nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles

A

Axillary nerve

61
Q

_______ nerve supplies the anterior muscles

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

62
Q

______ nerve supplies the muscles on the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm

A

Radial

63
Q

________ nerve supplies most of the muscles of the anterior forearm and some of the muscles of the hand

A

Median nerve

64
Q

________ nerve supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearm and some of the muscles of the hand

A

Ulnar nerve

65
Q

What is the lumbar plexus formed by?

A

The anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

66
Q

What does the lumbar plexus supply?

A

The anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals and part of the lower limb

67
Q

What are the main branches of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral and obturator

68
Q

The femoral branch of the lumbar plexus supplies:

  • ______ muscles of hip and joint
  • _______ muscles of knee joint
  • _______ over the anterior and medial aspect of _____
  • ________ of leg and foot
A

Femoral:

  • supplies flexor muscles of hip joint
  • extensor muscles of knee joint
  • skin over anterior and medial aspect of thigh
  • medial side of leg and foot.
69
Q

The obturator branch supplies the ________ muscles of the hip joint and _____ over the medial aspect of the thigh

A

Adductor muscles of the hip joint and skin over the medial aspect of the thigh

70
Q

What is the sacral plexus formed by?

A

Anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1- S4

71
Q

What does the sacral plexus supply?

A

The buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs

72
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

73
Q

________ nerve splits at the level of the knee into tibial and common fibular nerves

A

Sciatic nerve

74
Q

The sciatic nerve splits at about the level of the knee into _______ and __________ nerves

A

Tibial and common fibular nerves

75
Q

Where do the branches of the sciatic nerve supply?

A

The hamstring muscles and adductor magnus

76
Q

is a fast, involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions that occurs in response to a particular stimulus.

A

Reflex

77
Q

_______, takes place in the spinal cord gray matter, patellar reflex (knee jerk).

A

Spinal reflex

78
Q

_________, occurs in the brain stem, tracking movements of your eyes.

A

Cranial reflex

79
Q

___________reflex, involve contraction of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic reflex

80
Q

____________ reflexes, responses of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

A

Autonomic (visceral)

81
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

The neural pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex

82
Q

What are the 5 components of a reflex arc?

A 
Sensory receptor 
Sensory neuron 
Integrating center
Motor neuron
Effector

Systemic Unit 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions