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Systemic Unit 2 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

The origin of a muscle is usually ________ and the insertion is usually ______

A

Proximal; Distal

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2
Q

Muscle takes origin from the _________ bone and inserted into the ______ bone

A

Stationary bone; moveable bone

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3
Q

________ is the fleshy portion of the muscle between tendons

A

Belly (body)

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4
Q

_______ is a rigid structure that can move around a fixed point call the fulcrum

A

Lever

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5
Q

_______, which causes movement or muscular contraction

________ or resistance, which opposes movement

A

Effort; load

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6
Q

The load opposes movement and consists of the weight of the ______ + weight of the _______

A

Weight of the body part + weight of the object

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7
Q

How does motion occur in relation to a lever system?

A

When effort applied to the bone at the insertion, exceeds the load

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8
Q

Describe the mechanical advantage

A

if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort farther from the fulcrum, so only small effort is needed to move a load.

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9
Q

Describe mechanical disadvantage in relation to the lever systems (effort and load)

A

If the load is farther from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum, then a large effort is required to move a small load

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10
Q

What are the 3 classes of lever systems?

A 
First class
Second class third class
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11
Q

________ class levers, fulcrum is between the effort and the load

A

First class levers

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12
Q

Describe second class levers

A

Load is between the fulcrum and the effort

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13
Q

Describe third class levers

A

The effort is between the fulcrum and the load

** most common in musculoskeletal system

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14
Q

The longer the fibers in a muscle , the ______ the range of motion it can produce

A

Greater

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15
Q

What does the power of the muscle depend on?

A

Total cross sectional area

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16
Q

Fascicles form patterns with respect to the _______

A

Tendon

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17
Q

Describe parallel fascicles

A

Fascicles parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle

Ex: sternohyoid muscle

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18
Q

Describe fusiform fascicles

A

Parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle
Flat in the middle and tapers in both ends
Ex: digastric muscle

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19
Q

Describe circular fascicles

A

Form sphincter muscles that close an orifice

Ex: orbicularis oculus

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20
Q

Describe triangular fascicle arrangement

A

Formed of broad fibers that converge toward the central tendon

Pectoralis major

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of pennate fascicle arrangement

A

Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

22
Q

Describe unipennate fascicle arrangement

A

Fascicles arranged only one side of tendon

Ex: extensor digitorum longus

23
Q

Describe bipennate fascicle arrangement

A

Fascicles arranged on both sided of centrally positioned tendons
Ex: rectus femoris

24
Q

Describe multipennate fascicle arrangement

A

Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to the tendon
Ex: deltoid

25
Q

In _______ contractions, tension remains constant as muscle length increases or decreases

A

Isotonic

26
Q

What are isotonic contractions used for?

A

Body movements and for moving objects

27
Q

What are the two types of isotonic contractions

A

Concentric contraction

Eccentric contraction

28
Q

Describe concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens and produce movement to reduce the angle at a joint

29
Q

Picking up a book from the table is an example of a _________ contraction
Lowering a book to the table is an example of a _______ contraction
Holding a book steady by using an outstretched arm is an example of a ________ contraction

A

Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric

30
Q

Describe eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens during contraction

31
Q

In ________ contractions the muscle does not change length

A

Isometric

32
Q

________ are the main muscles that contracts to cause an action

A

Prime mover or agonist

33
Q

________ the muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover- relaxes the muscle

A

Antagonist

34
Q

The biceps and triceps are ________ muscles

A

Antagonistic

35
Q

Antagonist and prime mover are usually located on ______ sides of the bone or joint

A

Opposite

36
Q

__________, the muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movements

A

Synergist

37
Q

_______, the muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that the primate mover can act more efficiently

A

Fixator

38
Q

Muscles of the head that produce facial expressions lie within the __________

A

Subcutaneous layer

39
Q

Muscles of the head that produce fascial expression usually originate in the _______ or _______________ and insert into the ______

A

Fascia or bones of the skull; and insert into the skin

40
Q

Orbicularis Oculi: Origin, Insertion, Action, innervation

A 
ORBICULARIS OCULI 
Origin: Medial wall of orbit.
Insertion: Orbital margin
Action: Closes the eye
Innervation: Facial nerve
41
Q

Occipitofrontalis muscle’s Frontal Belly: origin, insertion, action, innervation

A

Origin, Epicranial aponeurosis.
Insertion, Skin superior to supraorbital margin
Action, Draws scalp anteriorly and raises eyebrows.
Innervation, Facial nerve

42
Q

Occipitofrontalis occipital belly: Origin, insertion, action

A

Occipital belly
Origin: Occipital bone
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis.
Action: Draws scalp posteriorly

43
Q

Buccinator: Origin, insertion, Action

A

BUCCINATOR
Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible.
Insertion: Orbicularis oris.
Action: Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing, and sucking.

44
Q

Orbicularis oris: origin, insertion, action

A

ORBICULARIS ORIS
Origin, Muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth.
Insertion, Skin at corner of mouth.
Action: Closes and protrudes lips

45
Q

____________ muscles move the jaw for the purpose of chewing

A

Muscles of mastication

46
Q

MASSETER
Origin –
Insertion –
Action –

A

MASSETER
Origin – maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion – angle and ramus of mandible
Action – elevates mandible

47
Q

Temporalis: Origin, Insertion, Action

A

TEMPORALIS
Origin – temporal fossa
Insertion – coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Action – elevates mandible

48
Q

_________, move the eyeball superiorly
_________, move the eyeballs inferiorly
__________, move the eyeballs laterally
__________, move the eyeballs medially

A

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus

49
Q

________ moves the eyeballs inferiorly and laterally
________ moves the eyeballs Superiorly and laterally
_______________ raises the upper eyelids/ opens the eyes

A

Superior oblique moves the eyeballs inferiorly and laterally
Inferior oblique moves the eyeballs Superiorly and laterally
Levator palpebrae superioris raises the upper eyelids/ opens the eyes

50
Q

Muscles of the neck that move the head are the ______ and _______

A

Sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid

51
Q

Sternocleidomastoid: origin, insertion, action

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Origin – manubrium and medial third of clavicle
Insertion – mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
Action – bilaterally causes flexion, unilaterally causes head to rotate to opposite side of muscle belly

52
Q

Sternohyoid
Origin –
Insertion-
Action -

A

Sternohyoid
Origin – manubrium and medial end of clavicle
Insertion – body of hyoid bone
Action – lowers (depresses) hyoid bone

Systemic Unit 2 (6 decks)

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