Muscular System

Question 1

The origin of a muscle is usually ________ and the insertion is usually ______

Answer 1

Proximal; Distal

Question 2

Muscle takes origin from the _________ bone and inserted into the ______ bone

Answer 2

Stationary bone; moveable bone

Question 3

________ is the fleshy portion of the muscle between tendons

Answer 3

Belly (body)

Question 4

_______ is a rigid structure that can move around a fixed point call the fulcrum

Answer 4

Lever

Question 5

_______, which causes movement or muscular contraction

________ or resistance, which opposes movement

Answer 5

Effort; load

Question 6

The load opposes movement and consists of the weight of the ______ + weight of the _______

Answer 6

Weight of the body part + weight of the object

Question 7

How does motion occur in relation to a lever system?

Answer 7

When effort applied to the bone at the insertion, exceeds the load

Question 8

Describe the mechanical advantage

Answer 8

if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort farther from the fulcrum, so only small effort is needed to move a load.

Question 9

Describe mechanical disadvantage in relation to the lever systems (effort and load)

Answer 9

If the load is farther from the fulcrum and the effort is applied closer to the fulcrum, then a large effort is required to move a small load

Question 10

What are the 3 classes of lever systems?

Answer 10

First class
Second class third class

Question 11

________ class levers, fulcrum is between the effort and the load

Answer 11

First class levers

Question 12

Describe second class levers

Answer 12

Load is between the fulcrum and the effort

Question 13

Describe third class levers

Answer 13

The effort is between the fulcrum and the load

** most common in musculoskeletal system

Question 14

The longer the fibers in a muscle , the ______ the range of motion it can produce

Answer 14

Greater

Question 15

What does the power of the muscle depend on?

Answer 15

Total cross sectional area

Question 16

Fascicles form patterns with respect to the _______

Answer 16

Tendon

Question 17

Describe parallel fascicles

Answer 17

Fascicles parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle

Ex: sternohyoid muscle

Question 18

Describe fusiform fascicles

Answer 18

Parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle
Flat in the middle and tapers in both ends
Ex: digastric muscle

Question 19

Describe circular fascicles

Answer 19

Form sphincter muscles that close an orifice

Ex: orbicularis oculus

Question 20

Describe triangular fascicle arrangement

Answer 20

Formed of broad fibers that converge toward the central tendon

Pectoralis major

Question 21

What are the 3 types of pennate fascicle arrangement

Answer 21

Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

Question 22

Describe unipennate fascicle arrangement

Answer 22

Fascicles arranged only one side of tendon

Ex: extensor digitorum longus

Question 23

Describe bipennate fascicle arrangement

Answer 23

Fascicles arranged on both sided of centrally positioned tendons
Ex: rectus femoris

Question 24

Describe multipennate fascicle arrangement

Answer 24

Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to the tendon
Ex: deltoid

Question 25

In _______ contractions, tension remains constant as muscle length increases or decreases

Answer 25

Isotonic

Question 26

What are isotonic contractions used for?

Answer 26

Body movements and for moving objects

Question 27

What are the two types of isotonic contractions

Answer 27

Concentric contraction | Eccentric contraction

Question 28

Describe concentric contraction

Answer 28

Muscle shortens and produce movement to reduce the angle at a joint

Question 29

Picking up a book from the table is an example of a _________ contraction Lowering a book to the table is an example of a _______ contraction Holding a book steady by using an outstretched arm is an example of a ________ contraction

Answer 29

Concentric Eccentric Isometric

Question 30

Describe eccentric contraction

Answer 30

Muscle lengthens during contraction

Question 31

In ________ contractions the muscle does not change length

Answer 31

Isometric

Question 32

________ are the main muscles that contracts to cause an action

Answer 32

Prime mover or agonist

Question 33

________ the muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover- relaxes the muscle

Answer 33

Antagonist

Question 34

The biceps and triceps are ________ muscles

Answer 34

Antagonistic

Question 35

Antagonist and prime mover are usually located on ______ sides of the bone or joint

Answer 35

Opposite

Question 36

__________, the muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movements

Answer 36

Synergist

Question 37

_______, the muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that the primate mover can act more efficiently

Answer 37

Fixator

Question 38

Muscles of the head that produce facial expressions lie within the __________

Answer 38

Subcutaneous layer

Question 39

Muscles of the head that produce fascial expression usually originate in the _______ or _______________ and insert into the ______

Answer 39

Fascia or bones of the skull; and insert into the skin

Question 40

Orbicularis Oculi: Origin, Insertion, Action, innervation

Answer 40

``` ORBICULARIS OCULI Origin: Medial wall of orbit. Insertion: Orbital margin Action: Closes the eye Innervation: Facial nerve ```

Question 41

Occipitofrontalis muscle’s Frontal Belly: origin, insertion, action, innervation

Answer 41

Origin, Epicranial aponeurosis. Insertion, Skin superior to supraorbital margin Action, Draws scalp anteriorly and raises eyebrows. Innervation, Facial nerve

Question 42

Occipitofrontalis occipital belly: Origin, insertion, action

Answer 42

Occipital belly Origin: Occipital bone Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis. Action: Draws scalp posteriorly

Question 43

Buccinator: Origin, insertion, Action

Answer 43

BUCCINATOR Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible. Insertion: Orbicularis oris. Action: Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing, and sucking.

Question 44

Orbicularis oris: origin, insertion, action

Answer 44

ORBICULARIS ORIS Origin, Muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth. Insertion, Skin at corner of mouth. Action: Closes and protrudes lips

Question 45

____________ muscles move the jaw for the purpose of chewing

Answer 45

Muscles of mastication

Question 46

MASSETER Origin – Insertion – Action –

Answer 46

MASSETER Origin – maxilla and zygomatic arch Insertion – angle and ramus of mandible Action – elevates mandible

Question 47

Temporalis: Origin, Insertion, Action

Answer 47

TEMPORALIS Origin – temporal fossa Insertion – coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action – elevates mandible

Question 48

_________, move the eyeball superiorly _________, move the eyeballs inferiorly __________, move the eyeballs laterally __________, move the eyeballs medially

Answer 48

Superior rectus Inferior rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus

Question 49

________ moves the eyeballs inferiorly and laterally ________ moves the eyeballs Superiorly and laterally _______________ raises the upper eyelids/ opens the eyes

Answer 49

Superior oblique moves the eyeballs inferiorly and laterally Inferior oblique moves the eyeballs Superiorly and laterally Levator palpebrae superioris raises the upper eyelids/ opens the eyes

Question 50

Muscles of the neck that move the head are the ______ and _______

Answer 50

Sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid

Question 51

Sternocleidomastoid: origin, insertion, action

Answer 51

Sternocleidomastoid Origin – manubrium and medial third of clavicle Insertion – mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line Action – bilaterally causes flexion, unilaterally causes head to rotate to opposite side of muscle belly

Question 52

Sternohyoid Origin – Insertion- Action -

Answer 52

Sternohyoid Origin – manubrium and medial end of clavicle Insertion – body of hyoid bone Action – lowers (depresses) hyoid bone