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HHG 4U1 > The Brain > Flashcards

The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is present by 6 months into development?

A

Nearly all brain cells or neurons are present by 6 months in development.

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2
Q

What is apart of the Forebrain?

A

Cerebrum, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

A

It is the largest part of the brain and is composed of the right and left hemispheres (separates the two). It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.

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4
Q

What is apart of the Brain Stem?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

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5
Q

What are the functions of the Frontal Lobe?

A
  • Responsible for thinking and creativity - Motor area is located here - Problem-Solving
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6
Q

What are the functions of the Pefrontal Lobe?

A

Handles future planning works with the limbic system to handle emotions.

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7
Q

What are the functions of the Parietal Lobe?

A

Interprets and integrates information from your senses.

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8
Q

What are the functions of the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Contains Grey matter and is responsible for thinking, proceiving. It is also involved in motor function and it regulates voluntary movement.

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9
Q

What are the functions of the Occipital Lobe?

A

Process vision, how you interpret what you see, it matures early.

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10
Q

What are the functions of the Temperal Lobe?

A

Process auditory stimuli affecting speech, hearing and language development.

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11
Q

What are the functions of the Corpus Callosum?

A

Is the link between the 2 hemispheres. Lets the hemispheres communicate with eachother.

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12
Q

What are the functions of the brain stem?

A

Works with the spinal cord and helps to control functions such as: blood pressure and breathing. Also processes info coming into brain fron nervous system.

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13
Q

What are the functions of the Hypothalamus?

A

Controls hunger, thirst, sleep, sexuality, and emotions Regulates body temperature.

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14
Q

What are the functions of the Amygdala?

A

Concerned with expression and regulation of emotion & motivation. Determines what memories are stored.

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15
Q

What are the functions of the Hippocampus?

A

“Grand Central Station of Memory” Encodes information into long term memory.

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16
Q

What are the functions of the Thalamus?

A

Motor control Receives auditory and sensory signals. Relays sensory signals to the serebral cortex. Controls sleep & awake states.

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17
Q

What is the function of the Limbic System?

A

The brain’s emotional thermostat. It regulates emotions & long term memory.

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18
Q

What is Grey Matter?

A

It hold neural cell bodies, axon terminals, and dendrites, as well as all nerve synapses.

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19
Q

What is White Matter?

A

Along with grey matter, White matter helps form spinal tracts. These pathways send nerve signals from your brain to the rest of your body. Knowing the most common tracts can help you discern the source of your injury.

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20
Q

How many parts is the brain divided into?

A

Three Sections: - Forebrain - Cerebellum - Brain Stem

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21
Q

What are the different parts of the brain?

A
  • Forebrain: Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain Stem
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22
Q

How many nerve cells make up the brain?

A

100 billion nerve cells.

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23
Q

How many neurons do we have at birth?

A

We have all the nerve cells that will make up the brain for our entire life at birth.

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24
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

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25
Q

What is the central nervous system is made up of?

A

Interneurons Brain and Spinal Cord

26
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of what?

A
  • Sensory Neurons
  • Motor Neurons
  • Nerves and Rest of Body
27
Q

What are the 3 types of Neurons?

A

Interneurons Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons

28
Q

Sensory Neurons

A
  • Transmits info from receptors that changes in the environment - Detect change within body - Take info sent to brain directly or through spinal cord
29
Q

Motor Neurons

A
  • Transmits commands from the brain to glands & musculature of body, mostly through spinal cord. - Carry out both voluntary and vital bodily functions such as digestion & heart beat.
30
Q

Interneurons

A
  • Connect other neurons w/ eachother; they are found in the brain & the spinal cord.
31
Q

What are Neurotransmitters?

A

Brain chemicals tht communicate between nerve cells

32
Q

What do Neurotransmitters do?

A
  • Act like and on/off switch (complete circuit) - They are different chemicals released from neurotransmitters each w/ their own phychoogical function.
33
Q

What are the different types of neurotransmitters? (I don’t know if this is important so don’t worry if you don’t memories this)

A
  • Dopamine - Serotonin - Endorphins - Epinephrine - Norepinephrine - Enkephalins - Gamma Aminobutyric - Acetylcholine
34
Q

What does Dopamine do?

A

Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter that causes emotional arousal, voluntary movements, learning & memory.

35
Q

What Neurotransmitter produces the feeling of pleasure?

A

Dopamine

36
Q

What sense is the last to develop in babies?

A

Sight

37
Q

Label:

A
38
Q

Label:

A
39
Q

When do neurons begin to develop inside the womb?

A

The beginning of the development of the brain and the spinal cord.

IDK THE TIME…

40
Q

What is Serotonin?

A

Sleep and emotional arousal; implicated in aggression.

41
Q

What neurotransmitter produces feelings of pleasure?

A

Dopamine

42
Q

What are Neurons?

A

The building block of the nervous system. Messages sent by a weak energy current.

43
Q

What is the Axon terminal?

A

Sends neurotransmitters

44
Q

What is the Myelin Sheath?

A
  • Thin protein layer acts as an insulation layer.
  • Not fully developed until 6-7 years old.
45
Q

What is the Axon?

A
  • Long, hair-like extensions of nerve cells
  • ACTS on the next neuron inline
  • Transports stimulation was gathered by dendrites, organized to the cell body & transported to the next neuron.
46
Q

What does the term Plasticity mean?

A

The brains ability to adapt to it’s environment.

47
Q

What does the term “use it or lose it” mean?

A

Over time the brain loses connections that aren’t used. It’s the brain adapting to its environment by getting ride of connections not used throughout development.

48
Q

Unravelling the Mysteries:

Discuss these topics:

Dopamine Loop, Addiction & Social Media

A

Discussion.

49
Q

At what time during pregnancy do neurons begin to develop?

A

As early as 5 week after conception.

50
Q

What is unique about the prefrontal cortex of an adolescent?

A

The prefrontal cortex doesn’t fully develop until the age of around 25 years.

51
Q

What can promote more connections between neurons?

A

Being active in all area’s of PIES can promote positive brain growth and development. Overall, the more stimulation presented for the brain will increase the number of connections between neurons.

52
Q

How many nerve cells make up the brain?

A

10 - 100 billion

53
Q

Why is Active play important for brain development?

A

Active play is important for brain development bc it incorporates all the different areas of development.

PIES (have me explain or give examples if you want)

54
Q

Trauma to the Frontal Lobe:

A
  • Loss of spontaneity in interacting w/ others
  • Attention-difficulty focusing on tasks
  • Difficulty w/ problem solving
55
Q

Trauma to the Parietal Lobe:

A
  • Inability to focus visual attention
  • Poor visual perception
  • Confusing left-right orientation
56
Q

Trauma to the Temporal Lobe:

A
  • Seizure disorders, auras & strange reveries
  • Aggressive Behaviour
  • Short-term memory lose
57
Q

Trauma to the Occipital Lobe:

A
  • Visual Defects
  • Hallucinations
  • Loss of academic skills
58
Q

Trauma to the Cerebellum:

A
  • Movement tremors
  • Staggering-like walking
  • Inability to judge distance
59
Q

Trauma to the Corpus Callosum:

A
  • The disconnect between the two hemispheres in the brain
  • Movements will not be coordinated
60
Q

Trauma to the Brain Stem:

A
  • Change to one’s memory
  • Paralysis or coma
  • Change to one’s personality
61
Q

Trauma to the Limbic System:

A
  • Inability to store & retrieve info
  • Inability to create new memories

HHG 4U1 (4 decks)

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